test one sample Qs

Question 1

To measure temporal summation in single cells, researchers ___

Answer 1

record depolarizations of the postsynaptic neuron

Question 2

. If all of a neuron’s dendrites or axons were contained within the spinal cord, it would be considered a(n) ____ neuron

Answer 2

intrinsic

Question 3

The presynaptic terminal stores high concentrations of neurotransmitter molecules in ____.

Answer 3

vesicles

Question 4

. Which type of glia builds myelin sheaths around axons in the periphery of the body?

Answer 4

schwann cells

Question 5

. Which process indicates spatial summation?

Answer 5

present two or more weak stimuli at the same time

Question 6

What ordinarily prevents extensor muscles from contracting at the same time as flexor muscles?

Answer 6

inhibitory synapses in the spinal cord

Question 7

When a membrane is at rest, what attracts potassium ions to the inside of the cell?

Answer 7

an electrical gradient

Question 8

vesicles are located ____

Answer 8

in presynaptic terminals

Question 9

What is the function of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase?

Answer 9

it breaks acetylcholine down into components for recycling

Question 10

. A drug that blocks the sodium gates of a neuron’s membrane will ____.

Answer 10

blocks the action potential

Question 11

A normal, healthy animal never contracts the flexor muscles and the extensor muscles of the same leg at the same
time. Why not?

Answer 11

when the interneuron sends excitatory messages to one another, inhibitory messages go to the other

Question 12

Neurons typically have one ____, but many ____

Answer 12

axon; dendrites

Question 13

At what point do the sodium gates begin to close, shutting out further entry of sodium into the cell?

Answer 13

at the peak of the action potential

Question 14

. Ionotropic effects are characterized by ___

Answer 14

rapid and short lived effects

Question 15

. Ribosomes are the part of a cell that ____

Answer 15

synthesizes new proteins

Question 16

Increased permeability to ____ would most likely result in an IPSP.

Answer 16

potassium

Question 17

Sherrington studied ____, which are automatic muscular responses to stimuli

Answer 17

reflexes

Question 18

Insulin increases the entry of tryptophan into the brain by ____.

Answer 18

causing certain competing amino acids to enter other cells, outside the brain

Question 19

Temporal summation is to ____ as spatial summation is to ____

Answer 19

time; location

Question 20

When an action potential reaches the end of an axon, the depolarization causes what ionic movement in the presynaptic
cell?

Answer 20

calcium into the cell

Question 21

A metabotropic synapse, by way of its second messenger, ___

Answer 21

can influence activity in much or all of the postsynaptic cell

Question 22

What ordinarily prevents extensor muscles from contracting at the same time as flexor muscles?

Answer 22

inhibitory synapses in the spinal cord

Question 23

When a vertebrate animal contracts the flexor muscles of a leg, it relaxes the extensor muscles of the same leg.
Sherrington considered this evidence for the existence of ____.

Answer 23

inhibitory messages

Question 24

Which terms refers to a chemical that binds to another chemical?

Answer 24

ligand

Question 25

. The primary method for disposal of peptide neurotransmitters is ____.

Answer 25

diffusion

Question 26

What causes an EPSP?

Answer 26

the opening of sodium channels

Question 27

. Releasing hormones are synthesized in the ____ and released in the __

Answer 27

hypothalamus; anterior pituitary

Question 28

An EPSP is a(n) __

Answer 28

graded depolarization

Question 29

What determines whether a neuron has an action potential?

Answer 29

the combined effects of EPSPs and IPSPs

Question 30

Which process will most likely result in an IPSP?

Answer 30

chloride ions entering the cell

Question 31

Evoked potentials in the brain are most likely to be detected by a(n) ____

Answer 31

CAT scan

Question 32

What causes hydrocephalus?

Answer 32

obstruction in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid

Question 33

One function of the thalamus is to ____.

Answer 33

relay sensory information to the cerebral cortex

Question 34

Where would you find the dorsal root ganglia?

Answer 34

outside, but near, the spinal cord

Question 35

If the prefrontal cortex is damaged, an individual may ___

Answer 35

have difficulty remembering whee s/he just placed the keys

Question 36

The medulla is considered part of the brain rather than the spinal cord because it __

Answer 36

is contained in the skull

Question 37

Secretions from which gland will also affect the secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, and
ovaries or testes?

Answer 37

pituitary gland

Question 38

Which division of the nervous system consists of neurons that control the heart, intestines, and other organs?

Answer 38

autonomic

Question 39

The medulla controls a number of reflexes through __

Answer 39

cranial nerves

Question 40

The precentral gyrus is essential for the __

Answer 40

control of fine movements

Question 41

Which statement is TRUE of the cortical areas that are sometimes known as “association areas”?

Answer 41

they are best described as additional sensory areas

Question 42

A function of the cerebrospinal fluid is to ___

Answer 42

cushion the brain

Question 43

Which part of the nervous system prepares the body for “fight or flight” activities?

Answer 43

sympathetic

Question 44

Which neurotransmitter is primarily used by the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 44

acetylcholine

Question 45

. The term rhombencephalon refers to the ____

Answer 45

hindbrain