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Brain And Behavior > test 1 ch 3 > Flashcards

test 1 ch 3 Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

vertebrate nervous system

A

central + peripheral NS

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2
Q

central nervous system

A

brain + spinal cord

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3
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

somatic + autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

group of neurons

A

ganglion

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5
Q

proximal

A

closer to center

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6
Q

medial

A

midline

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7
Q

ipsilateral

A

same side

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8
Q

ventral

A

toward stomach

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9
Q

dorsal

A

back, away from ventral side

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10
Q

posterior

A

toward rear end

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11
Q

lateral

A

toward side

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12
Q

coronal plane

A

shows brain structures as seen from front

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13
Q

tract

A

set of axons within CNS

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14
Q

gyrus

A

protuberance on surface of brain

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15
Q

sulcus

A

fold or groove that separates one gyrus from another

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16
Q

part of the cns found within spinal column

communicates with sense organs and muscle below head

A

spinal cord

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17
Q

dorsal roots enter spinal cord carrying info from sensory organs; ventral roots exit spinal cord carrying motor info to muscle and glands

A

bell-magendie law

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18
Q

clusters of sensory neuron cell bodies located outside spinal cord

A

dorsal root gnglia

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19
Q

in the peripheral of spinal cord, comprising mainly of myelinated axons

A

white matter

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20
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic NS

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21
Q

sympathetic NS

A

fight or flight; increasing heart rate, release norepinephrine

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22
Q

parasympathetic NS

A

relaxation system; release acetylcholine

23
Q

posterior part of brain consist of medulla, pons, and cerebellum

A

hindbrain

24
Q

medulla, pons, midbrain, and certain central structures of forebrain

A

brainstem

25
Q

controls breathing, heart rate, vomiting, salivation, coughing, and sneezing, and other vital reflexes through cranial nerves

A

medulla

26
Q

set of twelve nerves that control sensory and motor info to head

A

cranial nerves

27
Q

allows axons cross from on side of brain to other

A

pons “bridge”

28
Q

organizes sensory info which guides movement

A

cerebellum

29
Q

compoposed of superior colliculus and inferior colliculus; involved in pathways for sensory info

A

tectum

30
Q

includes III and IV cranial nerve nuclei, part of reticular formation and many important tathways

A

tegmentum

31
Q

comtains dopamine neurons

A

substantia nigra

32
Q

comprised of olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and cinhulate gyrus; involved in motivational and emotional behavior

A

limbic system

33
Q

provide main source of info to cerebral cortex

A

thalamus

34
Q

small structure containing many distinct nuclei; send messages to pituitary gland altering release of hormone; motivated behavior, emotins, drives, and aggression

A

hypothalamus

35
Q

endocrine gland attached to base of hypothalamus

A

pituitay gland

36
Q

include caudate, putamen, and hlobus pallidus (parkinsons and huntingtons)
planning of mootor movement, and aspects of memory and emotional expression

A

basal ganglia

37
Q

structure in dorsal surface of forebrain including nucleus basalis (arousal, wakefulness, and attention) sends axons that release acetylcholine

A

basal forebrain

38
Q

large structure between thalamus and cerebral cortex; new memory storage

A

hippocampus

39
Q

fornix

A

major axon tract that links hippocampus with hypothalamus and other structures

40
Q

four fluid filled cavities within brain

A

ventricles

41
Q

fluid filled channel in center of spinal cord

A

central canal

42
Q

clear fluid formed by choroid plexus

A

cerebrospinal fluid

43
Q

thin membranes which surround brin and spinal cord

A

meninges

44
Q

inflammation of menings; migraine headaches

A

meningitis

45
Q

corpus callosum and anterior commissure

A

bundles of axons that allow two brain hemispheres to communicate with one another; for courdination

46
Q

laminae

A

layers of cell bodies which lie parallel to surface of corte and separated from each other by layers of fivers (cerebral cortex contains up to six)

47
Q

posterior portion of cerebral cortex; visual pathway system

A

occipital lobe

48
Q

lies between occipital lobe and central sulcus
touch sensations; muscle stretch receptors and joint receptors
processing integrating info about eye head and body positions

A

parietal lobe

49
Q

near temples, auditory info; left side comprehension of spoken language and aspects of vision

A

temporal lobe

50
Q

kluver-bucy syndrome

A

temporal lobe damage; fail to show normal fear and anxiety

51
Q

primary motor cortex and frefrontal cortex

A

frontal lobe

52
Q

precentral gyrus

A

fine motor

53
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

receives all sensory info; abstract thinking and planning ability

54
Q

technique that allows researchers to turn on activity in targeted neurons by shining laser within brain

A

optogenetics

Brain And Behavior (5 decks)

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