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Brain And Behavior > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

Receive and transmit info to other cells

A

Neurons

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2
Q

Play supportive role in brain functioning

A

Gila cells (neuroglia)

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3
Q

Spaniard Santiago Ramon y Cajal

A

Demonstrate individual cells comprising nervous system remained separate

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4
Q

Two layers of fat molecules

Most chemicals restricted from flowing in and out of neurons

A

Cell membrane (plasma membrane)

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5
Q

Membrane enclosed structure within cell

Contains DNA

A

Cell nucleus

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6
Q

Site of protein synthesis in cell

A

Ribosomes

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7
Q

Provide cell with energy

Requires oxygen to function

A

Mitochondrion

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8
Q

Transports newly synthesized protein to destination

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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9
Q

Conduct impulses to muscles and glands from spinal cord

A

Motor neuron

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10
Q

Contains nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria

A

Cell body (soma)

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11
Q

Sensitive to certain types of stimulation (light, touch, smell, taste, sound)

A

Sensory neuron

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12
Q

Long thin fiber sending electrical impulse to other neuron, muscles, and glands

A

Axon

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13
Q

Insulating material covering some neurons

A

Myelin sheath

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14
Q

Branches extend from cell body receiving information from other neurons

A

Dendrites

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15
Q

Swelling at tip of axon

Releases chemicals

A

Presynaptic terminal (bouton or end bulb)

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16
Q

Bring info to a structure

A

Afferent axons

17
Q

Sending info away from structure

A

Efferent axons

18
Q

Entirely located within single structure of nervous system

A

Intrinsic neurons (interneurons)

19
Q

Characteristics of axon

A 
Take into away from cell body
Smooth  surface 
Generally 1 axon per cell 
No ribosomes
Canhave myelin 
branch furtherfrom cell  body
20
Q

Characteristics of dendrites

A 
Bring info to cell body
Rough surface
Usually many dendrites per cell
Have ribosomes 
No myelin insulation 
Branch near cell body
21
Q

Structure of neuron

A

Variations
Function related to shape
Shape is plastic

22
Q

Build myelin sheath around one axon in peripheral nerve

A

Schwann cells

23
Q

Type of astrocyte

Guides migration of neurons, axon, and dendrites growth

A

Radial glia

24
Q

Help synchronize activity of axon by wrapping around presynaptic terminal

A

Astrocytes

25
Q

Remove waste material, viruses, and fungi from brain

A

Microglia

26
Q

Build myelin sheaths around multiple axons in brain and spinal cord

A

Oligodendrocytes

27
Q

Nourishment of vertebrate neurons

A

Glucose
Amino acids
Thiamine
Oxygen

28
Q

Difference in electrical potential or voltage

A

Resting potential

29
Q

Electrical message transmitted down axon of neuron

A

Nerve impulse

30
Q

Difference in distribution of ions between inside and outside of membrane

A

Concentration gradient

31
Q

Semi permeable capillaries that keep most chemical out of vertebrate brain

A

Blood brain barrier

32
Q

Resting potential

A

Neuron maintains electrical polarization
-70 millivolts
Allows neuron to respond quickly to a stimulus

33
Q

Electrical message transmitted down axon of neuron

A

Nerve impulse

34
Q

Difference in distribution of ions between inside and outside of membrane

A

Concentration gradient

35
Q

Increasing polarization or difference between electrical charge of two places

A

Hyperpolarization

36
Q

Decreasing polarization towards zero

A

Depolarization

37
Q

Protein mechanism found along neuron membrane which transports sodium ions outside while drawing potassium ions into cell

A

Sodium potassium pump

38
Q

Difference in positive and negative charges across membrane

A

Electrical gradient

Brain And Behavior (5 decks)

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