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OTA 221 > test one > Flashcards

test one Flashcards

1
Q

Moral Treatment

A

in the 1700’s- based on the premise that all people were entitled to consideration and human compassion, the basic tenets of occupational therapy came out of the moral treatment movement

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2
Q

Adolph Meyer

A

used helpful and gratifying activities to fill patients time

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3
Q

William Rush Dunton

A

father of occupational therapy, practiced at Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital, in 1911 taught classes to nurses on “occupation and recreation”

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4
Q

Gail Fidler

A

wrote first psychiatric textbook for OT
believed that purposeful planned activity is the very core of the OT process
theories were derived from psychoanalytic concepts
used the term “doing”

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5
Q

1955 National Mental Health Act

A

supported study of mental illness, development of treatment methods and evaluation and training of personnel

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6
Q

1963 Community Mental Health Act

A

beginning of deinstitutionalization movement , patients released from hospitals with inadequate community resources

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7
Q

object relations

A

a psychoanalytic theory used by Freud and Fidler, believed that mental health and illness are determined by our relationships with objects in our environment which can be human or non-human

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8
Q

Freud’s 3 Parts of the Mind

A
  1. id- instinctual needs-pleasure principle
  2. ego-reality principle- helps with the conflicts of the id and superego
  3. superego-represents conscience- wants to uphold morals at all cost. Not bound to reality. if not followed can cause guilt and shame
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9
Q

Freud’s 5 stages of development

A
  1. Oral
  2. Anal
  3. Phallic
  4. Latent
  5. Genital
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10
Q

Freud’s Defense Mechanisms

A 
Repression                       Denial
Projection            Rationalization
Conversion                Regression
Undoing                     Idealization
Identification             Sublimation
Substitution            Displacement
Compensation
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11
Q

Erik Erikson’s 8 stages of development

A
  1. Trust vs Mistrust
  2. Autonomy vs Shame
  3. Initiative vs Guilt
  4. Industry vs Inferiority
  5. Identity vs Role Confusion
  6. Intimacy vs Isolation
  7. Generativity vs Stagnation
  8. Ego Integrity vs Despair
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12
Q

Jean Piget’s 4 stages of development

A
  1. Sensorimotor Stage
  2. Pre-Operational Stage
  3. Concrete Operations
  4. Formal Operations
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13
Q

Behavioral Theories

A

Central concept is that all behavior is learned. Behaviors that have pleasurable results tend to be repeated.
Therapist Pavlov and Skinner

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14
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

Most of his research was on the science of digestion and he was responsible for the model of classical conditioning
His terminology included:
Unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Conditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
He received the Nobel Prize in physiology in 1904

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15
Q

B.F.Skinner

A 
His system is known as operant conditioning  which was an action-consequence approach
His terminology includes:
Reinforcement
Terminal behavior
Shaping
Chaining (forward and backward)
Schedule of reinforcement
Extinction
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16
Q

Cognitive-Behavioral Theory

A

all behavior is based on what we think and believe
Assumes that maladaptive or faulty thinking patterns cause maladaptive behaviors and “negative” emotions
Emphasizes recognizing and changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs
Events are neutral- they receive their value from our thoughts about them
Done on a 1:1 basis generally
Therapist Beck, Ellis, Bandura

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17
Q

Aaron Beck

A

Used homework, cognitive rehearsal and self-monitoring
Talked about distorted thinking which he felt were errors in reasoning
Reattribution- challenge clients beliefs that their personal shortcomings are responsible for negative external events

18
Q

Albert Ellis

A 
Developed RET or REBT for to client to realize that we create our world through the way we interpret experience         
REBT  ABC's 
A. activating event
B. belief       
C. consequences
D. disputation
E. corrective emotional experience
19
Q

Albert Bandura

A

Theory of social modeling

He felt that learning occurs through imitation

20
Q

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

A

Developed for people with borderline personality disorder
Helps clients acknowledge and tolerate unpleasant thoughts and self-destructive impulses and not act on the impulses
Group helps participants identify constructive or neutral ways of behaving

21
Q

Carl Rogers

A

started client-centered therapy
He used the term client rather than patient because he felt it gave the individual a greater sense of self-determination
Theory is based on a single “force of life” he calls actualizing tendency
He sees the client as the center of effective change

22
Q

First tranquilizers made available in

A

the 1950s

23
Q

KAWA model

A

developed by Iwama because most models use Western terminology and systems and this one uses Eastern cultural notions

24
Q

KAWA Terms

A

Rocks represent discrete circumstances
Driftwood represents clients personal attributes and resources
Water is the clients life energy or life flow

25
Q

Why do we treat in Groups

A 
cost effective
more opportunity for change and learning
Peer learning is often more comfortable
Offers different kinds of interaction
Offers greater potential for problem solving and creativity
26
Q

Group Cohesiveness

A

the sense of identity and closeness with other members of the group
influenced by length and frequency of meetings and similarities

27
Q

Group Norms

A

rules and standards of behaviors that are expected

28
Q

AntiGroup Roles

A 
Aggressor
Blocker
Recognition seeker
Self-confessor
Playboy
Dominator
Help seeker
Special interest pleader
29
Q

Mosey’s levels of groups

A 
Parallel
Project
Egocentric-cooperative
Cooperative
Mature
30
Q

Group Task roles

A 
Initiator-contributor
Information seeker
Opinion seeker
Information giver
Opinion giver
Elaborator
Coordinator
Orienter
31
Q

Group Maintenance Roles

A 
Encourager
Harmonizer
Compromiser
Gatekeeper
Standard setter
Group observer
Follower
32
Q

Moseys Parallel Lvl

A

work/play in the presence of others

33
Q

Moseys Project Lvl

A

short term task with one or two other people

34
Q

Egocentric-Cooperative Lvl

A

awareness of groups goal and norms and willingness to abide

35
Q

Cooperative Lvl

A

express feelings within a group and be aware of and respond to the feelings of others

36
Q

Mature Lvl

A

take on a variety of roles as needed when group conditions change

37
Q

Developmental Theory

A

a person matures through a series of stages in a fixed sequence
Theorist Erikson, Piaget, Havighurst

38
Q

Havighurst 5 Functions of Work

A
  1. income
  2. expenditure of time and energy
  3. identification and status
  4. association
  5. source of meaningful life experience
39
Q

Claudia Allen

A

she felt that task performance reflect a person’s ability to function and take care of themselves in the community
She developed 6 levels of functioning

40
Q

Mary Reilly

A

Felt that play was a precurser to occupational role

She felt that health and well being came from a balance of occupational behavior is self-care, work and play/leisure

41
Q

MOHO

A

States that humans have an innate drive to explore and master their environmen
Kielhofner viewed man as an open system meaning he can influence things around him

42
Q

MOHO Subsystems

A

Volition- based on interests, talents and previous experience
Habituation- consists of habits and internalized roles
Performance- skills and underlying components

OTA 221 (4 decks)

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