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1
Q

forensic science is also known as

A

criminalistics

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2
Q

sir arthur conan doyle

A

physical detection methods
Sherlock Holmes

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3
Q

Mathieu Orfila

A

Forensics toxicology

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4
Q

Calvin Goddard

A

1891-1955
comparison microscope bullets come from from specific guns
tool marks on bullets

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5
Q

Edmond Locard

A

1877-1966
every contact leaves a trace
cross transfer of material causes exchange of microscopic materials (fibers, hair, pollen, plant, and soil)
shows duration and intensity –> struggle

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6
Q

Hoover

A

1932 –:> national forensic lab to support law enforcement
California oldest forensics lab

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7
Q

forensics entomology

A

insects
aid in determining time of death

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8
Q

Rigor mortis

A

muscles relax and become rigid

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9
Q

Liver mortos

A

Blood drains downwards because of gravity which causes bluish tint

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10
Q

Algor Mortis

A

change in temperature to room temp
demonstrates a general time of death

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11
Q

search methods

A

spiral search (going in a circle)
Strip/ line search (snake)
Grid method (snake but more intense)
Quadrant/ zone search (breaking it up)

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12
Q

Direct evidence

A

proves a fact
eyewitness, camera evidence, physical object

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13
Q

Indirect evidence also known as

A

circumstantial

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14
Q

Individual evidence

A

linked to a single source
best
fingerprints
handwriting
DNA patterns
Tears

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15
Q

Class evidence

A

narrows an identity to a group of people
Blood type (narrows but not individual)
Handgun type (not specific murder weapon)

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16
Q

Seven S’s of Crime Scene

A

Secure scene- first responding police check safety and preserve evidence
Separate - witnesses cant talk to each other
Scan - primary and secondary crime scene
Seeing- overall photos and close up
Sketch - rough sketch and neater copy of Crime scene drawn to scale
Search - grid, zone/quadrant, line/strip, spiral
Secure evidence - properly package, seal, and label evidence

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17
Q

Hair functions

A

protection
eyebrow and eyelashes
hair in nose and ears
thermoregulation
sense organ

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18
Q

how many hairs are shed daily

A

250 hairs
100 head hairs

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19
Q

Hair without follicle identifiable

A

can not be identified

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20
Q

Arrector pilli muscle

A

goose bumps

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21
Q

Sebaceous gland

A

sebum lubricates skin and hair

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22
Q

Vellus hair

A

shorter and thinner found on body

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23
Q

Terminal hair

A

longer and thicker

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24
Q

Human hair

A

same morphology

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25
Hair is made up of
keratin
26
Hair follicle
where hair grows out of
27
Shaft three layers
cuticle- outer medulla- middle cortex- core
28
coronal scales
crown rarely found in humans
29
spinous
triangular never found in humans
30
imbricate
puzzle pieces flat commonly found in humans
31
coretex
contains melanin color shape and distribution of melanin helps compare hair
32
medulla
medullary index measures diameter of hair continuous- Asian interrupted - animals fragmented - African/ European absent - African/ european
33
animal hair identification
medullary index and shape, scale structure
34
lanugo
fetus hair
35
Anogen phase
hair is actively rowing
36
catagen
at rest and not growing
37
Telagen phase
most often found sheds the most
38
Aprocrine gland
sweat gland associated with hair follicles
38
Eccrine gland
sweat gland on the hands and feet
39
dactylography
study of fingerprints for identification
40
Who developed the classification system and what is it called
Sir Francis Galtin Sir ER Henry Galton Henry System
41
AFIS
automated fingerprint searches and storage collects for criminal check s and employment, licences, and social services has gotten more accurate over time
42
Friction ridges/ finger prints
connected units of small raised ridges of the skin formed at 10 weeks will not change unless you try to change with acid
43
How do finger prints develop
basal later cells grow faster than layers above and below which causes it to fall and fold into shapes protected by epidermis
44
whorls
most complex circular patterns
45
core
what examiner is looking for center of whirl and loop
46
Minutiae
called this because the details are so minute and small "uniqueness" of an individual primary basis for fingerprint identification No two individuals have more than 8 common minutiae
47
Twelve match guideline
two fingerprints match --> there are at least 12 or more matching minutiae
48
Patent (visible)
clearly recognizable fingerprint that needs no processing transfer of oils/ other secretions onto a surface
49
latent
transfer of oils/ other secretions onto a surface not visible without other processing --> development/enhancement
50
powder dusting
primary method of visualizing fingerprints
51
ninhydrin
lifts prints from paper and cardboard chemical that bonds to amino acids in fingerprints to produce a blue or purple color takes 1-2 hours to develop last 24-48 hours
52
cyanoacrylate fuming method
also known as the super glue method super glue heated makes a fume that turns a print off white colored
53
silver nitrate
reacts to salt deposits in sweat need to be photographed and moved away from a light sourc
54
iodine fuming
dirty brown colored print needs to be photographed quickly
55
plastic prints
also known as impression or indentation print impression left in soft material clay, putty, wax, tar, butter
56
questions answered through botanical evidence
1. who was with the victim, at the crime scene, or at the time of death? 2. what did the victim eat before dying? 3. when was the crime committed? When was a specific person, vehicle, or article at a crime scene? 4. How long has it been since the victim died --> Postmortem interval? How long was the body buried?
57
First mention of forensic botany
Plato's Phaedo of 399 BC Socrates self administered death sentence of poison hemlock
58
legal acceptance of forensic botany
trial of Richard Hauptmann kidnapped and murdered Charles Lindbergh's son
59
Training for forensic botany
1993 at quantico
60
assemblages
groups of plants usually dominated by one species
61
assemblages share the same habitat requirements
soil type wind moisture latitude and longitude sunlight altitude
62
cellulose
can't withstand digestion can estimate postmortem intervals --> degree of digestion
63
pollen grain
male reproductive structure of a seed plant
64
spore
reproductive structure of algae and fungi
65
palynology
study of pollen and spores
66
pollen and spores
- microscopic - resistant cell wall - last for decades, useful for investigations - jagged edges attach to hair, blankets, and clothing
67
non seed plants
disperse spores ferns mosses
68
seed plants
predominant land plants cones or flowers
69
gymnosperms
oldest seed plants conifers --> pines, first, and other evergreen plants
70
angiosperms
flower plants produce fruit include corn, oaks, maples, grasses found at most crime scenes
71
flower
reproductive unit of an angiosperm
72
pistil
female part of flower that produces egg
73
stigma
part of pistil where pollen ends
74
style
the pollen grain falls through this to get to the ovary
75
stamen
male reproductive part of the flower responsible for pollen
76
filament
elevates the anther
77
anther
produces pollen
78
endospores
cause diseases anthrax botulism
79
how do fibers differ
cross sectional shape surface contour color length diameter
80
natural fiber
exists in its natural state most likely cotton
81
manufactured fiber
man made rayon acetate nylons polyesters acrylics
82
Plants/ vegetables
oldest fibers known to us better ability to absorb moisture and are very comfortable cotton
83
Animal fibers: Hair
diameter and scale protrusion camel, alpaca, goat (cashmere, mohair), rabbit (angora) llama brushed out, clipped, shed brushed, shed, clipped
84
wool
wool is most common finer wollen fibers --> clothing coarser woolen --> carpet
85
fur
skin is treated remains flexible and retains fur
86
webbing
silk collected from cacoons long
87
mineral fibers
asbestos
88
Man made fibers characteristics
color size shape microscopic appearance chemical composition dye content
89
oxidation tests
burn the fibers to evaluate ash, behavior, and smells
90
physical characteristics can be examined by
calculating density chemical decomposition tests oxidation tests
91
direct transfer
directly from victim to suspect or suspect to victim
92
secondary transfer
victim has fibers picked up from elsewhere and transferred to the subject or suspect to victim

forensics (4 decks)

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