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forensics > test one > Flashcards

test one Flashcards

1
Q

forensic science is also known as

A

criminalistics

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2
Q

sir arthur conan doyle

A

physical detection methods
Sherlock Holmes

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3
Q

Mathieu Orfila

A

Forensics toxicology

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4
Q

Calvin Goddard

A

1891-1955
comparison microscope bullets come from from specific guns
tool marks on bullets

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5
Q

Edmond Locard

A

1877-1966
every contact leaves a trace
cross transfer of material causes exchange of microscopic materials (fibers, hair, pollen, plant, and soil)
shows duration and intensity –> struggle

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6
Q

Hoover

A

1932 –:> national forensic lab to support law enforcement
California oldest forensics lab

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7
Q

forensics entomology

A

insects
aid in determining time of death

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8
Q

Rigor mortis

A

muscles relax and become rigid

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9
Q

Liver mortos

A

Blood drains downwards because of gravity which causes bluish tint

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10
Q

Algor Mortis

A

change in temperature to room temp
demonstrates a general time of death

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11
Q

search methods

A

spiral search (going in a circle)
Strip/ line search (snake)
Grid method (snake but more intense)
Quadrant/ zone search (breaking it up)

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12
Q

Direct evidence

A

proves a fact
eyewitness, camera evidence, physical object

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13
Q

Indirect evidence also known as

A

circumstantial

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14
Q

Individual evidence

A

linked to a single source
best
fingerprints
handwriting
DNA patterns
Tears

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15
Q

Class evidence

A

narrows an identity to a group of people
Blood type (narrows but not individual)
Handgun type (not specific murder weapon)

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16
Q

Seven S’s of Crime Scene

A

Secure scene- first responding police check safety and preserve evidence
Separate - witnesses cant talk to each other
Scan - primary and secondary crime scene
Seeing- overall photos and close up
Sketch - rough sketch and neater copy of Crime scene drawn to scale
Search - grid, zone/quadrant, line/strip, spiral
Secure evidence - properly package, seal, and label evidence

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17
Q

Hair functions

A

protection
eyebrow and eyelashes
hair in nose and ears
thermoregulation
sense organ

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18
Q

how many hairs are shed daily

A

250 hairs
100 head hairs

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19
Q

Hair without follicle identifiable

A

can not be identified

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20
Q

Arrector pilli muscle

A

goose bumps

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21
Q

Sebaceous gland

A

sebum lubricates skin and hair

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22
Q

Vellus hair

A

shorter and thinner found on body

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23
Q

Terminal hair

A

longer and thicker

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24
Q

Human hair

A

same morphology

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25
Q

Hair is made up of

A

keratin

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26
Q

Hair follicle

A

where hair grows out of

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27
Q

Shaft three layers

A

cuticle- outer
medulla- middle
cortex- core

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28
Q

coronal scales

A

crown
rarely found in humans

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29
Q

spinous

A

triangular
never found in humans

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30
Q

imbricate

A

puzzle pieces
flat
commonly found in humans

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31
Q

coretex

A

contains melanin
color shape and distribution of melanin helps compare hair

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32
Q

medulla

A

medullary index measures diameter of hair
continuous- Asian
interrupted - animals
fragmented - African/ European
absent - African/ european

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33
Q

animal hair identification

A

medullary index and shape, scale structure

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34
Q

lanugo

A

fetus hair

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35
Q

Anogen phase

A

hair is actively rowing

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36
Q

catagen

A

at rest and not growing

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37
Q

Telagen phase

A

most often found
sheds the most

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38
Q

Aprocrine gland

A

sweat gland associated with hair follicles

38
Q

Eccrine gland

A

sweat gland on the hands and feet

39
Q

dactylography

A

study of fingerprints for identification

40
Q

Who developed the classification system and what is it called

A

Sir Francis Galtin
Sir ER Henry
Galton Henry System

41
Q

AFIS

A

automated fingerprint searches and storage
collects for criminal check s and employment, licences, and social services
has gotten more accurate over time

42
Q

Friction ridges/ finger prints

A

connected units of small raised ridges of the skin
formed at 10 weeks
will not change unless you try to change with acid

43
Q

How do finger prints develop

A

basal later cells grow faster than layers above and below which causes it to fall and fold into shapes
protected by epidermis

44
Q

whorls

A

most complex
circular patterns

45
Q

core

A

what examiner is looking for
center of whirl and loop

46
Q

Minutiae

A

called this because the details are so minute and small
“uniqueness” of an individual
primary basis for fingerprint identification
No two individuals have more than 8 common minutiae

47
Q

Twelve match guideline

A

two fingerprints match –> there are at least 12 or more matching minutiae

48
Q

Patent (visible)

A

clearly recognizable fingerprint that needs no processing
transfer of oils/ other secretions onto a surface

49
Q

latent

A

transfer of oils/ other secretions onto a surface
not visible without other processing –> development/enhancement

50
Q

powder dusting

A

primary method of visualizing fingerprints

51
Q

ninhydrin

A

lifts prints from paper and cardboard
chemical that bonds to amino acids in fingerprints to produce a blue or purple color
takes 1-2 hours to develop
last 24-48 hours

52
Q

cyanoacrylate fuming method

A

also known as the super glue method
super glue heated makes a fume that turns a print off white colored

53
Q

silver nitrate

A

reacts to salt deposits in sweat
need to be photographed and moved away from a light sourc

54
Q

iodine fuming

A

dirty brown colored print needs to be photographed quickly

55
Q

plastic prints

A

also known as impression or indentation print
impression left in soft material
clay, putty, wax, tar, butter

56
Q

questions answered through botanical evidence

A
  1. who was with the victim, at the crime scene, or at the time of death?
  2. what did the victim eat before dying?
  3. when was the crime committed? When was a specific person, vehicle, or article at a crime scene?
  4. How long has it been since the victim died –> Postmortem interval? How long was the body buried?
57
Q

First mention of forensic botany

A

Plato’s Phaedo of 399 BC
Socrates self administered death sentence of poison hemlock

58
Q

legal acceptance of forensic botany

A

trial of Richard Hauptmann
kidnapped and murdered Charles Lindbergh’s son

59
Q

Training for forensic botany

A

1993 at quantico

60
Q

assemblages

A

groups of plants usually dominated by one species

61
Q

assemblages share the same habitat requirements

A

soil type
wind
moisture
latitude and longitude
sunlight
altitude

62
Q

cellulose

A

can’t withstand digestion
can estimate postmortem intervals –> degree of digestion

63
Q

pollen grain

A

male reproductive structure of a seed plant

64
Q

spore

A

reproductive structure of algae and fungi

65
Q

palynology

A

study of pollen and spores

66
Q

pollen and spores

A
  • microscopic
  • resistant cell wall
  • last for decades, useful for investigations
  • jagged edges attach to hair, blankets, and clothing
67
Q

non seed plants

A

disperse spores
ferns
mosses

68
Q

seed plants

A

predominant land plants
cones or flowers

69
Q

gymnosperms

A

oldest seed plants
conifers –> pines, first, and other evergreen plants

70
Q

angiosperms

A

flower plants
produce fruit
include corn, oaks, maples, grasses
found at most crime scenes

71
Q

flower

A

reproductive unit of an angiosperm

72
Q

pistil

A

female part of flower that produces egg

73
Q

stigma

A

part of pistil where pollen ends

74
Q

style

A

the pollen grain falls through this to get to the ovary

75
Q

stamen

A

male reproductive part of the flower responsible for pollen

76
Q

filament

A

elevates the anther

77
Q

anther

A

produces pollen

78
Q

endospores

A

cause diseases
anthrax
botulism

79
Q

how do fibers differ

A

cross sectional shape
surface contour
color
length
diameter

80
Q

natural fiber

A

exists in its natural state
most likely cotton

81
Q

manufactured fiber

A

man made
rayon
acetate
nylons
polyesters
acrylics

82
Q

Plants/ vegetables

A

oldest fibers known to us
better ability to absorb moisture and are very comfortable
cotton

83
Q

Animal fibers: Hair

A

diameter and scale protrusion
camel, alpaca, goat (cashmere, mohair), rabbit (angora) llama
brushed out, clipped, shed
brushed, shed, clipped

84
Q

wool

A

wool is most common
finer wollen fibers –> clothing
coarser woolen –> carpet

85
Q

fur

A

skin is treated
remains flexible and retains fur

86
Q

webbing

A

silk
collected from cacoons
long

87
Q

mineral fibers

A

asbestos

88
Q

Man made fibers characteristics

A

color
size
shape
microscopic appearance
chemical composition
dye content

89
Q

oxidation tests

A

burn the fibers to evaluate ash, behavior, and smells

90
Q

physical characteristics can be examined by

A

calculating density
chemical decomposition tests
oxidation tests

91
Q

direct transfer

A

directly from victim to suspect or suspect to victim

92
Q

secondary transfer

A

victim has fibers picked up from elsewhere and transferred to the subject
or suspect to victim

forensics (4 decks)

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