test 2 Flashcards by Alexa Celso

bone is made up

25% water
25% collagen fibers
50% crystallized mineral salts

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osteoblasts

bone building cells

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osteocytes

mature bone cells

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osteoclasts

release enzymes that break down bone (resorption)

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bone may be categorized as

compact
spongy

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osteopenia

low none mass

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osteoporosis

fractures occur easily
more common in women then men

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osteoporosis biophosphonates

fosomax
actonel
boniva

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antiresportives estrogen replacement therapy

premarin

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what hormones stimulate osteoblastic activity

estrogen
testosterone

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rickets

inadequate calcification of bone
deficiency of vitamin d
in children

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osteomalcia

adult rickets
deficiency of vit d

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osteoarthritis

degeneration of articular cartilage

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osteogenic sarcoma

bone cancer
develops in teenagers when they’re growing rapidly

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osteomyelitis

infection of bone

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vitamin a stimulates activity of

osteoblasts

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vitamin c is needed for synthesis of

collagen

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vitamin d helps build bone by

increasing the absorption of calcium from foods in GI tract into the blood

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there are how many bones in the body

206

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fissure

narrow slit

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faramon (foramina)

opening

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tuberosity

a large prominence on a bone

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axial skeleton

bones that lie around the longitudinal axis of the human body

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appendicular skeleton

bones of the upper and lower limbs
plus the bones that connect the axial skeleton

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frontal bone

the bone in the front lol

temporal bones

external auditory meatus (ear canal) found in the temporal bone

sphenoid bone

the keystokne

occipitaal bone

the back of the skull

nasal bone

where glasses sit

maxillae

the upper jaw a deficiency in folic acid may cause cleft lip, cleft palate

zygomatic bone

cheek bones

mandible

the only movable skull bone the lower jaw

temperomandibular joint

temporal bone/ mandible bruxism trauma

fontanels

soft spots found in the skull of infants important for the brain to grow

hyoid bone

in the neck big sign of strangulation

vertebral column

spine, backbone, spinal column

sternum

consists of manubrium, body, xiphoid process

ribs

12 pairs

scoliosis

makes the spine look like a c or s

kyphosis

humpback

lordosis

exaggerated lumbar curve

teeth from the front to back

incisor cuspid first bicuspid second bicuspid first molar second molar third molar (wisdom teeth)

adults have how many teeth

32 (including wisdom teeth)

children have how many tewth

silver fillings

amalgam

composite filling

tooth color "white fillings"

men have how many liters of blood

5-6 liters

females have how many liters of blood

4-5 liters

temperature of blood

38 degrees 100.4 f

blood plasma

liquid 91.5% water

blood formed elements

red blood cells white blood cells platelets

universal recipitant

AB blood has antigens A and B

universal donor

Type O blood has neither antigen

red blood cells

erythrocytes carries oxygen to body cells biconcave disc strong flexible plasma membrane lacks nucleus

white blood cells

leukocytes fights disease and foreign invaders

platelets

aids in blood clotting

hematocrit

percentage of total blood volume occupied in red blood cells

satellite droplets

when blood falls from a high velocity, it overcomes its natural cohesiveness and separates from the main droplet

spiking patterns

form around the droplet edges when blood falls onto a less than smooth surface

lines of convergence

two or more blood splatters can pinpoint the location of the source

luminol

chemical used by investigators to locate traces of blood even when its cleaned or removed reactions blue luminescence

LCU leuco Crystal Violet

one type of chemical process that's used for enhancement make the blood evidence more visible so it can be photographed and analyzed

male chromosomes

female chromosomes

how many chromosomes do humans have

DNA molecule is shaped as a

double helix

James Watson and Francis Crick

DNA- double helix

Rosalind Franklin

use x ray diffraction

chromatin

loose coils in nondividing cells diffuse

chromosomes

tightly coiled in dividing cells condensed

nitrogenous bases

Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine

Pentose sugar in DNA

deoxyribose

DNA composed into three parts

nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate groups

DNA pairing

AT CG

DNA controls the production of

proteins chains of amino acids bound together

DNA is found where

nuclei of most cells

cells with nuclei

WBC --> DNA obtained from blood buccal --> most abundant semen saliva urine hair follicle teeth bone tissueb

who can draw blood (professional)

phlebotomist

DNA profiling, DNA fingerprinting, DNA typing

process of identifying an individual based on their unique DNA characteristics

Alec Jeffereys

Process of DNA fingerprinting University of Lehigh 1985 knighted in 1994

gel electrophoresis

-technique to separate DNA fragments - electrical current is moved through a gel substance causing molecules to sort by size - the smaller lighter molecules will move the farthest on the gel - after developing the fragments can be visualized for characterization