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forensics > test 2 > Flashcards

test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

bone is made up

A

25% water
25% collagen fibers
50% crystallized mineral salts

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2
Q

osteoblasts

A

bone building cells

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3
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cells

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4
Q

osteoclasts

A

release enzymes that break down bone (resorption)

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5
Q

bone may be categorized as

A

compact
spongy

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6
Q

osteopenia

A

low none mass

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7
Q

osteoporosis

A

fractures occur easily
more common in women then men

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8
Q

osteoporosis biophosphonates

A

fosomax
actonel
boniva

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9
Q

antiresportives estrogen replacement therapy

A

premarin

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10
Q

what hormones stimulate osteoblastic activity

A

estrogen
testosterone

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11
Q

rickets

A

inadequate calcification of bone
deficiency of vitamin d
in children

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12
Q

osteomalcia

A

adult rickets
deficiency of vit d

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13
Q

osteoarthritis

A

degeneration of articular cartilage

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14
Q

osteogenic sarcoma

A

bone cancer
develops in teenagers when they’re growing rapidly

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15
Q

osteomyelitis

A

infection of bone

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16
Q

vitamin a stimulates activity of

A

osteoblasts

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17
Q

vitamin c is needed for synthesis of

A

collagen

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18
Q

vitamin d helps build bone by

A

increasing the absorption of calcium from foods in GI tract into the blood

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19
Q

there are how many bones in the body

A

206

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20
Q

fissure

A

narrow slit

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21
Q

faramon (foramina)

A

opening

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22
Q

tuberosity

A

a large prominence on a bone

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23
Q

axial skeleton

A

bones that lie around the longitudinal axis of the human body

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24
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

bones of the upper and lower limbs
plus the bones that connect the axial skeleton

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25
Q

frontal bone

A

the bone in the front lol

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26
Q

temporal bones

A

external auditory meatus (ear canal) found in the temporal bone

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27
Q

sphenoid bone

A

the keystokne

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28
Q

occipitaal bone

A

the back of the skull

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29
Q

nasal bone

A

where glasses sit

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30
Q

maxillae

A

the upper jaw
a deficiency in folic acid may cause cleft lip, cleft palate

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31
Q

zygomatic bone

A

cheek bones

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32
Q

mandible

A

the only movable skull bone
the lower jaw

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33
Q

temperomandibular joint

A

temporal bone/ mandible
bruxism
trauma

34
Q

fontanels

A

soft spots found in the skull of infants
important for the brain to grow

35
Q

hyoid bone

A

in the neck
big sign of strangulation

36
Q

vertebral column

A

spine, backbone, spinal column

37
Q

sternum

A

consists of manubrium, body, xiphoid process

38
Q

ribs

A

12 pairs

39
Q

scoliosis

A

makes the spine look like a c or s

40
Q

kyphosis

A

humpback

41
Q

lordosis

A

exaggerated lumbar curve

42
Q

teeth from the front to back

A

incisor
cuspid
first bicuspid
second bicuspid
first molar
second molar
third molar (wisdom teeth)

43
Q

adults have how many teeth

A

32 (including wisdom teeth)

44
Q

children have how many tewth

A

20

45
Q

silver fillings

A

amalgam

46
Q

composite filling

A

tooth color
“white fillings”

47
Q

men have how many liters of blood

A

5-6 liters

48
Q

females have how many liters of blood

A

4-5 liters

49
Q

temperature of blood

A

38 degrees 100.4 f

50
Q

blood plasma

A

liquid
91.5% water

51
Q

blood formed elements

A

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets

52
Q

universal recipitant

A

AB blood has antigens A and B

53
Q

universal donor

A

Type O blood has neither antigen

54
Q

red blood cells

A

erythrocytes
carries oxygen to body cells
biconcave disc
strong flexible plasma membrane
lacks nucleus

55
Q

white blood cells

A

leukocytes
fights disease and foreign invaders

56
Q

platelets

A

aids in blood clotting

57
Q

hematocrit

A

percentage of total blood volume occupied in red blood cells

58
Q

satellite droplets

A

when blood falls from a high velocity, it overcomes its natural cohesiveness and separates from the main droplet

59
Q

spiking patterns

A

form around the droplet edges when blood falls onto a less than smooth surface

60
Q

lines of convergence

A

two or more blood splatters can pinpoint the location of the source

61
Q

luminol

A

chemical used by investigators to locate traces of blood even when its cleaned or removed
reactions blue luminescence

62
Q

LCU leuco Crystal Violet

A

one type of chemical process that’s used for enhancement
make the blood evidence more visible so it can be photographed and analyzed

63
Q

male chromosomes

A

XY

64
Q

female chromosomes

A

XX

65
Q

how many chromosomes do humans have

A

46

66
Q

DNA molecule is shaped as a

A

double helix

67
Q

James Watson and Francis Crick

A

DNA- double helix

68
Q

Rosalind Franklin

A

use x ray diffraction

69
Q

chromatin

A

loose coils in nondividing cells
diffuse

70
Q

chromosomes

A

tightly coiled in dividing cells
condensed

71
Q

nitrogenous bases

A

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

72
Q

Pentose sugar in DNA

A

deoxyribose

73
Q

DNA composed into three parts

A

nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate groups

74
Q

DNA pairing

A

AT
CG

75
Q

DNA controls the production of

A

proteins
chains of amino acids bound together

76
Q

DNA is found where

A

nuclei of most cells

77
Q

cells with nuclei

A

WBC –> DNA obtained from blood
buccal –> most abundant
semen
saliva
urine
hair follicle
teeth
bone
tissueb

78
Q

who can draw blood (professional)

A

phlebotomist

79
Q

DNA profiling, DNA fingerprinting, DNA typing

A

process of identifying an individual based on their unique DNA characteristics

80
Q

Alec Jeffereys

A

Process of DNA fingerprinting University of Lehigh
1985
knighted in 1994

81
Q

gel electrophoresis

A

-technique to separate DNA fragments
- electrical current is moved through a gel substance causing molecules to sort by size
- the smaller lighter molecules will move the farthest on the gel
- after developing the fragments can be visualized for characterization

forensics (4 decks)

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