Test November 9th

Question 1

CSOCS (acronym)

Answer 1

Context (What value is being measured?)
Shape (Right/left skew, symmetrical, modes)
Outlier (Unusual points)
Center (Mean, median, general center)
Spread (Range, IQR, Standard Deviation)

Question 2

Standard Deviation

(definition and symbol)

Answer 2

the average distance that data points are from the mean (σ)

Question 3

Mean

(definition and symbol)

Answer 3

Average (μ)

Question 4

Median

Answer 4

Middle value

Question 5

Range

Answer 5

Maximum minus the minimum

Question 6

Frequency Distributions

Answer 6

based on how often something happens

Question 7

Variable

Answer 7

something that changes and is a categorical group

Question 8

Frequency

Answer 8

how often something happens

Question 9

Relative Frequency

Answer 9

the percent of which a frequency happens

Question 10

Normal Curves

Answer 10

symmetrical and bell shaped with the mean and median both located exactly in the center

Question 11

Empirical Rule

Answer 11

rule that states percentages in a normal distribution fit into 68–95–99.7 ykwim

Question 12

Bivariate Data

Answer 12

data with two variables

Question 13

Explanatory/Independent Variable

Answer 13

variable that predicts, explains or influences a trend in the response variable

Question 14

Response/Dependent Variable

Answer 14

the measured outcome

Question 15

Positive Correlation

Answer 15

as the x values increase, the y values also tends to increase

Question 16

Correlation Coefficient/R value

Answer 16

a number between -1 and 1 that tells you the strength and direction of the correlation (-1 < r < 1)

Question 17

z score formula

Answer 17

z = (x-μ)/σ, or z score = (data point - mean) / standard deviation

Question 18

Mean Formula

Answer 18

sum of the terms / number of the terms

Question 19

Standardization

Answer 19

a point’s location in the distribution depends on both distance from the center and the distribution’s spread or variation

Question 19

Median Formula

Answer 19

just figure it out tf!!

Question 20

Risidual

Answer 20

the distance between a given data point and the line, the error

Question 21

Low leverage points

Answer 21

points that don’t skew the line much and are very close to the mean

Question 22

High leverage points

Answer 22

points that skew the line a lot and are very far from the mean

Question 23

Influential points

Answer 23

points that if removed, will greatly affect the slope, line and y-intercept

Question 24

Constant Coefficient (Predictor Coef SE Coef T P Table)

Answer 24

y intercept

Question 25

Income Coefficient (Predictor Coef SE Coef T P Table)

Answer 25

slope

Question 26

S (Predictor Coef SE Coef T P Table)

Answer 26

standard deviation

Question 27

R-Sq (Predictor Coef SE Coef T P Table)

Answer 27

r²

Question 28

Standard deviation of the residuals (s):

Answer 28

Typical error between data points and the
LSRL (typical residual length)

Question 29

Population

Answer 29

every “member” of a data set

Question 30

Sample

Answer 30

a selection of a data set or population

Question 31

Census

Answer 31

when you collect data on every individual in the population

Question 32

Bias

Answer 32

a study flaw that leads to unrepresentative and/or inaccurate estimates

Question 33

Undercoverage

Answer 33

when part of the population has a reduced chance of being included in a sample

Question 34

Simple Random Sampling

Answer 34

a sampling method where every group of individuals have a chance of being selected

Question 35

weak correlation

Answer 35

r² close to 0, data is far from the LSRL

Question 36

strong correlation

Answer 36

r² close to 1, data is close to the LSRL

Question 37

Correlation

Answer 37

measures how two variables are related

Question 38

Negative Correlations

Answer 38

as the x values increase, the y values tend to decrease

Question 39

Least Squares Regression Line (LSRL)

Answer 39

a straight line that roughly puts half of your data above it and half below it