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Somatic nervous system
The somatic nervous system connects the central nervous system with the body’s muscles and skin. Its primary function is to control voluntary movements and reflex arcs, while also helping us process the senses of touch, sound, taste, and smell.
autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system is a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal.
artery
blood vessels that distribute oxygen-rich blood to your entire body
Veins
blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood to your heart.
stridor
a harsh vibrating noise when breathing, caused by obstruction of the windpipe or larynx.
Wheezing
breathing with a whistling or rattling sound in the chest.
epidural
on or around the dura mater, in particular (of an anesthetic) introduced into the space around the dura mater of the spinal cord
subdural
situated or occurring between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane of the brain and spinal cord.
aneurysm
a bulging, weakened area in the wall of a blood vessel resulting in an abnormal widening or ballooning greater than 50% of the vessel’s normal diameter (width).
ischemia
a condition in which blood flow (and thus oxygen) is restricted or reduced in a part of the body.
antagonist
a substance that stops the action or effect of another substance.
agonist
a substance that mimics the actions of a neurotransmitter or hormone to produce a response when it binds to a specific receptor in the brain.
stimulant
A type of drug that increases the levels of certain chemicals in the brain and increases alertness, attention, energy, and physical activity.
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
cholecystitis
a redness and swelling (inflammation) of the gallbladder.
immune response
The way the body defends itself against substances it sees as harmful or foreign.
crepitus
a popping crackling or clicking sound in a joint
mesentery
a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the wall of the body
tachycardia
a heart rate over 100 beats a minute. Many types of irregular heart rhythms, called arrhythmias, can cause tachycardia
direct injury
is caused by an external blow or force. A collision with another person e.g.during a tackle in rugby or football. Being struck with an object e.g. a basketball or hockey stick.
superficial burn
only burns the top layer of skin
hemothorax
a serious condition in which blood collects in your pleural space
pleural space
The cavity that exists between the lungs and underneath the chest wall.
hypovolemic shock
is when low fluid volume leads to inadequate perfusion
perfusion
the passage of bodily fluids, such as blood, through the circulatory or lymphatic system to an organ or tissue.
intercoastal muscles
muscles that present within the rib cage
hematemisis
vomiting of blood and stomach fluid
contusion
a region of injured tissue or skin in which blood capillaries have been ruptured; a bruise
abdominal evisceration
occurs when organs protrude out of a penetrating wound.
avulsion
the action of pulling or tearing away.
epidermis
outer layer of skin
myocardial contusion
a bruise of thew cardiac muscle
pneumothorax
a collection of air outside the lung but within the pleural cavity
hemoptysis
coughing up of blood
pleurisy
a condition whereby inflammation of the pleura causes the membranes to rub and grate against each other.
subcutaneous emphysema
the de novo generation or infiltration of air underneath the dermal layers of skin
phrenic nerves
controls the diaphragm
mediastinum
a space in your chest that holds your heart and other important structures
hematuria
blood in the urine
guarding
when flexing your abdominal muscles
