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Test II, Important Flashcards

1
Q

WHat are the most commonly ingested Fatty Acids?

A

Triacylglycerols and liver converts them to storage fats

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2
Q

Lingual Lipase

A

Digests short and medium chain FA in the mouth

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3
Q

Gastric Lipase

A

Digests short and medium chain FA in the stomach

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4
Q

Pancreatic lipase

A

Digests triacylglycerols in intestine.
Phospholipase: digest phospholipds
cholesterol esterase: digests cholesterol in intestin

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5
Q

List the vitamins derived form fatty acids

A

A, D, E ,K

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6
Q

Vitamin B 2 (riboflavin) is important for…?

A

functional in FAD, FMN. loss of results in dermatitis

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7
Q

Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency

A

dermatitis, dementia. Functions as NAD and NADP

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8
Q

Vitamin C (ascorbic Acid)

A

deficiency leads to scurvy. ascorbate is functional form

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9
Q

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

A

thiamine pyrophosphate is functional form. beriberi is result of deficiency

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10
Q

Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)

A

Functions as coenzyme a.

fatigue, impaired coordination

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11
Q

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

A

acts as pyridoxil phosphate.

peripheral neuropathy,

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12
Q

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)

A

functions as adenosylcobalamin methylcobalamin

leads to pallor

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13
Q

Biotin

A

Functional form.

muscle pains, dermatitis

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14
Q

Folate

A

Tetrahydrofolate (THF)

lead to anemia, or DNA abnormality

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15
Q

Vitamin D

A

Calcetriol is active form. Activated by UV from the skin or from intestine.
inhibited by calcitonin.
functions to increase blood Ca levels and phoshpate levels

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16
Q

Vitamin K

A

Cofactor for gamma-carboxylase for clotting.

Warfarin inhibits activation of vitamin K

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17
Q

Cu metal ion is required by what proteins? (5)

A 
Cytochrome C Oxidase: e acceptor in ETC
Ferroxidase: convert Fe2--> Fe3
Superoxide dismutase: binds free O radical
Lysyl oxidase: Clotting factor
Tyrosinase: form melanin
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18
Q

Proteins that require Fe as cofactor? (3)

A

Heme proteins
Cytochromes
Catalses/peroxidases

19
Q

Proteins that require Mg for cofactor (3)

A

ATPases: ATP–>ADP
Adenylate cyclase: convert ATP–> cAMP
Kinases: phosphate transfer

20
Q

Proteins that require Se as cofactor? (1)

A

Glutathione peroxidase: detox hydrogen peroxide

21
Q

Proteins that require Zn as cofactor? (6)

A

Superoxide dismutase: free radical O binder
Collagenase
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Alkaline Phosphatase: mineralize bone salt
Transcription Factors
Carbonic Annhydrase: convert CO2HCO3

22
Q

What is the function of ferroportin?

A

Transfer Fe2+ out of enterocyte with low Fe levels occur.

23
Q

What does transferrin do in body?

A

Located in blood and carries Fe3+ to liver, spleen, bone marrow when Iron storage is low

24
Q

Isomer

A

Same molecular formula, different structure

25
Q

Diastereoisomer

A

Isomer that is not a mirror image

26
Q

Anomer

A

Isomer with different asymmetric C formed on ring closing

27
Q

Epimer

A

Isomer with a difference at one asymmetric C.

28
Q

What is starch made of?

A

Glucose polysaccharide of either
Amylose: 1,4 bonds
Amylopectin: 1,6 bonds

29
Q

Sucrose Structure

A

Glucose and Fructose with a 1,2 alpha, beta bond

30
Q

Maltose Structure

A

Glucose disaccharide, with 1,4 alpha, alpha bond

31
Q

Lactose Structure

A

Galactose-glucose structure with 1,4 alpha, alpha bond

32
Q

O antigen on blood is denoted with what sugar?

A

Only fucose of off Galactose, no specific recognizer

33
Q

A antigen is characterized by what?

A

GalNAc residue on Galactose. alpha, 1-3

34
Q

B antigen is characterized by what?

A

Galactose residue on the Galactose, alpha- 1,3

35
Q

GAG structure and importance to humans.

A

Contain - charges to attract Na, and water into the matrix. Preventing compression of area and providing support

36
Q

GLUT 1

A

high affinity for glucose. contained in RBC and brain

37
Q

GLUT 2

A

Low affinity for glucose. contained in Liver

38
Q

GLUT 3

A

located in neurons

39
Q

GLUT 4

A

reliant on insulin to bind in skeletal muscle, heart and adipose

40
Q

I Von Gierke Disease

A

Glycogen storage disease that affects the Glucose-6-phosphatase.
Leads to hepatomegaly and hypoglycemia, hypouremia

41
Q

II Pompe

A

Mutation to alpha-1,4 glycosidase.

systemic, and leads to massive increase of glycogen

42
Q

V McArdle disease

A

Mutated Phosphorylase in the Muscle.

Limited to non-strenuous exercise

43
Q

VI Hers Disease

A

Mutation of phosphorylase in Liver.

Similar to I Von Gierke, less severe

44
Q

What are precursors of important molecules? such as glucagon, insulin

A

Amino acids. Also give rise to pyruvate/acetyl-Coa

Biochemistry (11 decks)

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