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Biology Lab > Test II > Flashcards

Test II Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biotic Factor

A

The community of living organisms that that live in an ecosystem

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2
Q

Abiotic Factor

A

The physical environment with which the community interacts

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3
Q

Biosphere

A

The portion of the Earth on/in which living organisms can live

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4
Q

Ecosystem

A

A specific geographic location and all of the organisms that live in that location and interact with each other

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5
Q

Four Factors that Affect Population Size

A

Birth, Death, Immigration, and Emigration

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6
Q

Exponential Growth Model

A

The larger the population becomes, the faster it will grow because in each generation there will be more individuals reproducing

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7
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

the maximum number of individuals of that species that the local environment can support at a particular time

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8
Q

Logistic Growth Model

A

The per capita growth rate decreases as the population density increases

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9
Q

Colonizer

A

Species that recover quickly from disturbances and dominate after a disturbance

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10
Q

Species Diversity

A

The measure of how many species occur in an area, and how rare or common a species is

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11
Q

Simpson’s Index of Diversity

A

Uses the population size of each species in the study to generate a single number indicating diversity

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12
Q

Ethology

A

Branch of biology that involves that involves the study of animal behavior, including human behavior

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13
Q

Field Study

A

An ethologist observes animals in their natural habitats with minimal interfence or interaction with the study subjects

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14
Q

Laboratory Studies

A

Animals are put through specifically designed experiments

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15
Q

Taxis

A

If the movement is directional with respect to the source of the stimulus

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16
Q

Phototaxis

A

Movement as a response to light

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17
Q

Geotaxis

A

Directional movement as a response to gravity

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18
Q

Chemotaxis

A

directional movement as a response to chemicals

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19
Q

Kinesis

A

movement that is random in direction

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20
Q

Tropism

A

Movement as a response to a stimulus but the organism just repositions

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21
Q

Social Behavior

A

Behavior involving the same species

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22
Q

Taxonomy

A

the science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms

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23
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A

created system of classification based on the work of Swedish scientists

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24
Q

Systema Naturae

A

Publication by Linnaeus creating the binomial system

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25
Q

Binomial Nomenclature

A

Organisms are given a two part name

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26
Q

Taxa

A

hierarchical order of named groupings

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27
Q

Order of Linnaean System

A

Domain-> Kingdom-> Phylum-> Class-> Order-> Family-> Genus-> Species

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28
Q

International Code of Zoological Nomenclature

A

governs the taxonomy of animals

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29
Q

International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants

A

governs the naming of protists, fungi, and plants

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30
Q

Phylogenetic Systematics

A

Determines the evolutionary relationships between different groups of organisms

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31
Q

Phylogeny

A

a hypothesis that can be tested and revised as new taxa are discovered or as new data are gathered about the members of that taxonomic group

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32
Q

Parsimony

A

the simplest explanation is the most reasonable explanation

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33
Q

Short Growing Season’s Effect on Moose Population

A

Moose population decreases

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34
Q

Long Growing Seasons Effect on Moose Population

A

Extinction

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35
Q

What is the most important factor of fire for diversity

A

The spread of the fire

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36
Q

M

A

Number of animals that were marked and released back into the population

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37
Q

N

A

Population size (trying to estimate)

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38
Q

R

A

Number of animals in the second sample that are recaptures

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39
Q

C

A

Total number of captured animals in the second sample

40
Q

Carrying Capacity Equation

A

dn/dt=rmax*N(K-N/K)

41
Q

Capture Recapture Method 95% Certainty Equation

A

N±1.96√MC*(M-R)(C-R)/(R^3)

42
Q

Removal Sampling Method Equation

A

N=(S1^2)/(S1-S2)

43
Q

Removal Sampling Method 95% Certainty Equation

A

N±1.96(S1*S2(√S1+S2)/((S1-S2)^2)

44
Q

Thermotaxis

A

Directional movement as a response to heat

45
Q

Thigmotaxis

A

Directional movement as a response to touch

46
Q

Inquiry Approach

A

Students come up with their own questions, form their own hypotheses and design there own experiment to test their hypotheses

47
Q

Morphology

A

body form and structure

48
Q

Three things used by taxonomists to classify a new species

A
  1. DNA Sequences 2. Morphology 3. Body Function and Behavior
49
Q

Derived Characters

A

Homologous characteristics that arose in a common ancestor of the clade and thus they are present in all members of that clade

50
Q

Ancestral Characters

A

Are characteristics that are present in the ancestors of more than one clase and are thus common to more than one clade

51
Q

Cladogram

A

The phylogenetic tree that results from a cladistic anaysis

52
Q

Similarities of Archaea and Bacteria

A
  1. Small, unicellular prokaryotic organisms 2. Lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles 3. Have a cell wall
53
Q

Differences between Arcaea and Bacteria

A
  1. Bacteria have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan. Archaea have a cell wall usually made up of protein. 2. Archaea have plasma membranes composed of ether-containing lipids, whereas bacteria plasma membranes contain phospholipids. 3. Archaea and Bacteria use different enzymes in transcription and translation
54
Q

Obligate Aerobes

A

can survive only in the presence of oxygen

55
Q

obligate anaerobes

A

can survive only in the absence of oxygen

56
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

can survive in the presence of absence of oxygen

57
Q

microaerophiles

A

requires oxygen but only at low concentrations

58
Q

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Nucleus

A

Pro: No
Euk: Yes

59
Q

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Organelles

A

Pro: Ribosomes
Euk: Many

60
Q

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Chromosomes

A

Pro: Generally one, circular
Euk: Generally multiple, linear

61
Q

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes:Ploidy

A

Pro: Always haploid
Euk: Haploid or Diploid

62
Q

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Plasmids

A

Pro: Usually present
Euk: Usually absent

63
Q

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Cell Division

A

Pro: Binary Fission
Euk: Mitosis/Meiosis

64
Q

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Morphology/Complexity

A

Pro: Unicellular
Euk: Unicellular or Multicellular

65
Q

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Cell Wall

A

Pro: Peptidoglycan or Protein
Euk: Manly cellulose or chitin

66
Q

Photoautotrophs

A

Energy Source: Sunlight

Carbon Source: CO2

67
Q

Chemoautotrophs

A

Energy Source: Oxidation of chemicals

Carbon Source: CO2

68
Q

Photoheterotrophs

A

Energy Source: Sunlight

Carbon Source: Oxidation of chemicals

69
Q

Chemoheterotrophs

A

Energy Source: Oxidation of chemicals

Carbon Source: Oxidation of chemicals

70
Q

Chemolithotrophs

A

Energy Source: Oxidation of chemicals

Carbon Source: Varies- Iron, Nitrates, Sulfur

71
Q

One which continent and how long ago did the elephant first evolve?

A

Africa 40 mya

72
Q

What is a peat bog and how is it formed?

A

An area where partially decayed plant matter has accumulated, often where water is acidic and low in nutrient, inhibiting decomposition

73
Q

Where can the musk ox survive?

A

Alaska, Greenland, and Canada

74
Q

What role does predation play in evolution?

A

Predators provide a kind of filter for prey popluations- filtering out the old-infirm-injured members of the prey population, potentially increases its chance for survival as a species

75
Q

About 18,000 years ago, ____ percent of the pollen consisted of spruce and jack pine pollen; _____ consisted of oak and maple pollen.

A

80, 0

76
Q

10,000 years ago, ____ percent of the pollen consisted of spruce and jack pine pollen and ____ of pollen consisted of oak and maple pollen.

A

40, 40

77
Q

200 years ago, ___ of the pollen consisted of oak and maple pollen; ___ consisted of spruce and jack pine pollen.

A

80, 0

78
Q

What is the difference between an antler and a horn?

A

Antler: Bone Only
Horn: Bone covered with keratin

79
Q

Why did mammoths and mastodons go extinct about 10,000 years ago?

A

Shortage of food, or over-hunted by humans

80
Q

Why did the Caribbean monk seal go extinct?

A

Disturbance of Breeding Grounds

81
Q

What is a glacier?

A

Compacted mass of ice and snow that accumulates year after year

82
Q

When did the last glacier in Ohio?

A

20,000 years ago

83
Q

What percentage of life has gone extinct?

A

99%

84
Q

How many mass extinctions have occurred on earth since 550 million years ago?

A

Five major events

85
Q

Antibiotics

A

antimicrobial agents (either produced by other living organisms or manufactured synthetically) that can be taken internally or applied to wounds

86
Q

Antiseptics

A

antimicrobial agents that can be applied to living tissue/skin

87
Q

Disinfectants

A

antimicrobial agents used on inanimate objects

88
Q

Bacterial Shapes

A
  1. Cocci (Spherical) 2. Bacilli (Rod-Shaped) 3. Spiral
89
Q

Pink Color Bacterium

A

Gram Negative

90
Q

Purple Color Bacterium

A

Gram Positive

91
Q

Bacterium that usually cause infectious diseases are:

A

Gram Negative

92
Q

Dead Space Around Antibiotic

A

Zone of Inhibition

93
Q

Nostoc

A

Connected Beads

94
Q

Gleocapsa

A

clumped spheres

95
Q

Oscillatoria

A

Strands with horizontal lines

Biology Lab (8 decks)

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