Phylum Chordata

Question 1

Vertebrae or Invertabrate?

Answer 1

Lack Back Bone

Question 2

Parazoa

Answer 2

has no true tissues

Question 3

Chordata- Urochordates, Cephalochordates and Hagfish

Answer 3

lack backbones

Question 4

Subphylum Verebrata

Answer 4

has a backbone

Question 5

Eumetazoa

Answer 5

All other Phyla have true tissues

Question 6

Phylum Chordata Eumetazoa

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Phylum Chordata Radiata or Bilateral?

Answer 7

Bilateral

Question 8

Phylum Chordata Dueterostomic or Protostomic?

Answer 8

Deuterostomic

Question 9

Phylum Chordata Notochord?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Phylum Chordata Hollow Dorsal Nerve Chord?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Phylum Chordata Acoelomate, Pseudocoelomate or Coelomate?

Answer 11

Coelomate

Question 12

Phylum Chordata Diploblastic or Triploblastic?

Answer 12

Triploblastic

Question 13

Phylum Chordata Vertebrate?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Phylum Chordata Pharyngeal Gill Slits?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

Phylum Chordata Muscular Post Anal Tale?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

Phylum Chordata Reproduction

Answer 16

• Most chordates reproduce sexually with distinct sexes (Dioecious)
• There are chordates that undergo asexual reproduction (regeneration)
• There are chordates that reproduce sexually with both male and female organs in same animal (Monoecious) Sea Squirts
• Some can reproduce parthenogenetically – an unfertilized egg develop into an embryo (reptiles)

Question 17

Non Craniates – lack of head

Answer 17

Subphylum Urochordata – Tunicates or Sea Squirts

Subphylum – Cephalochordata – Lancets

Question 18

Craniates – with head

Answer 18

Subphylum - Vertebrata – all other Chordates

Question 19

Subphylum Urochordata

Answer 19

• Marine – Sea Squirt - Tunicate
• Larva free living
• Larva display Notochord, Gill slits, Dorsal Nerve Cord and a post anal tail
• Most hermaphroditic (monoecious)
• Adults are invertebrate (no backbone) sessile filter feeders

Question 20

Subphylum Vertebrata

Craniata (“With Skull”)

Answer 20

• Chordate animals – dorsal nerve cord normally enclosed by bone (vertebral column) or cartilage
• Have endoskeleton of cartilage or bone (exception Class Myxini)
• Anterior end enlarges to become brain – have kidneys for removing wastes

Question 21

Class Myxini: The Hagfishes

Answer 21

Non Vertebrate Craniates

• Lack vertebra, jaws, paired appendages and scales
• Have a cartilaginous skull- nerve cord not enclosed
• Eel like and marine – copious mucous secretion defense mechanism

Question 22

Class Petromyzontida: The Lampreys

Answer 22

Vertebrate Craniates

• Have a vertebral column
• Have a cartilaginous endoskeleton
• Lack jaws, paired appendages and scales
• Caused significant economic damage to the Great Lakes Fisheries as ectoparasites of the Lake Perch Fishes

Question 23

Class Chondrichthyes (“Cartilage Fish”)

Answer 23

• Cartilaginous fishes – sharks and rays
• Vertebrate craniates - cartilaginous endoskeleton
• Scales imbedded in skin – paired fins
• Jaws, paired appendages (fins) and scaly skin
• Some lay eggs outside the female’s body – oviparous
• Some eggs are retained in the uterus until they hatch – ovoviviparous
• Some eggs develop fully in the uterus nourished by a placenta - viviparous

Question 24

Clade Osteichthyes

Answer 24

The remaining chordate classes include animals that have a boney endoskeleton

The reason for this is the fact that all osteichthyans (with few exceptions – have a bony endoskeleton)

Question 25

Class Actinopterygii : Ray Finned Fishes

Answer 25

• Bony Fishes – gnathostomes (have true jaws)
• Bony endoskeleton –vertebrate craniates
• Scaly skin – paired fins – swim bladder
• Jaws – gills covered by boney flap (operculum)
• Swim bladder for buoyancy control
• Most fish species – common goldfish example

Question 26

Class Scarcopterygii: The Lung Fishes & Coelocanths

Answer 26

• Small Class (two groups identified as lobe- fined fishes within Phylum Chordata)
• Use highly modified swim bladders as lungs for gas exchange connected to the pharynx of the digestive system
• Use gills for normal respiration
• Freshwater habitat and marine habitat

Question 27

Tetrapod

Answer 27

The remaining classes of chordates are all considered tetrapods (four limbs)

Some amphibians (Caecilians) and Reptiles (Squamata - snakes) are legless

Question 28

Class Amphibia – (Two Lives)

Answer 28

Frogs, Salamanders & Caecilians
Marine and Fresh water
-Tetrapod craniates with a bony endoskeleton and smooth skin
-Eggs are fertilized externally and are non-amniotic and lack a shell – not protected from drying out
-They are ectothermic – body temperature fluctuates with the environment
-Metamorphosis - the aquatic stage (usually the larva) transforms to the adult stage

Question 29

Class Reptilia – Lizards, Snakes and Alligators

Answer 29

• Marine , Fresh Water & Terrestrial species
• Lay amniotic (protected shelled eggs)
• Fertilization is internal
• Horny (keratinized) scales are a class characteristic
• They are ectothermic (body temperature same as environment at rest)

Question 30

Class Aves (Birds)

Answer 30

Class – Birds

• True bipedal - modified tetrapod
• Internal fertilization – amniotic eggs
• Bony endoskeleton – wings - feathers
• Smooth skin – scaled legs
• Jaws – modified to a horny bill
• Feed on plants and animals
• Endothermic- body temperature constant in spite of the environment

Question 31

Class Mammalia (Breasted)

Answer 31

Class Mammalia – Furred Animals

• Marine and Fresh water
• Amniotic eggs, bony endoskeleton, mammary glands and hair
• Jaws – active predators of small arthropods and each other – large herbivores
• Endothermic (body temperature constant)
• Sweat glands – differentiated teeth – 4 chambered heart

Question 32

Three Major Groups of Mammals

Answer 32

Monotremes – egg laying mammals
-platypus

Marsupials – development begins in uterus – continue in a pouch
-kangaroo

Eutherians – embryonic development tales place entirely in the uterus
-All of the rest