Test II Flashcards
Lex frumentari
government bought grain in the fall, the. sold it at a fair price the next year
Gaius Gracchus
Tribune 123
*courts bill, Lex Agraria, Lex frumenitari,
Taxes from Asia and Jobs bill
* wanted extortion courts jurred by
equestrians and citizenship for allies
* 121 death in mob killing
Senatus consulum
121 ultimate decree
*Gracchus enemy of state
Jugertha
nephew of deceased king if Numidia
* attempted to take the crown by force * warred with Rome 111-106
Adherbal
Son of deceased King of Numidia
Petitioned Rome for help against Jugurtha
Q. Caecillius Metellus
Patron of Marius
Fought Jugurtha 109-08
Marius
Client of Q. Caecillius Metellus
Consul 108 against wished of Metellus
Took over Metellus's command
87 march on Rome
ProscriptionSulla
Marius’s calvary commander
Brilliant general who took Rome by force twice, defeated Pontius, reformed the constitution then retired to be a private citizen in 79
Redistribution
Redistribute provinces in the voting tribes to be more evenly spread out and more fairly represented
Publicus Scipio
allies with Marius
passed redistribution
got Marius Sulla’s proconsulship
killed in 87
Sulla’s march on Rome
87
cancelled redistribution
outlawed Marius and Sulpicus
held consul election
Marius’s proscription
87: killed political opponents, outlawed Sulla, elected consul with Cinna in 86
Cinna
Political ally with Marius
consul 86, 85, 84
killed 84 by troops
Mithradates
King of Pontius
Sacked Delos after taking Bythinia
attacked by Sulla in 87
86 sent army to Greece, defeated by Sulla
Treaty of 86
Between Sulla and Mithradates:
Mithradates gives up Asia and pays indemnity
Carbo
84 consul after death of Cinna
Repassed distribution
Battle of Copline Gates
82 Samnites attack Rome after Sulla takes the city. Sulla wins.
Sulla’s proscriptions
82: outlawed 16,000 equestrians and many senators, confiscated their property and freed their slaves to make up his body guard. Gave his troops the land of citied that did not support him.
Sulla’s special dictatorship
82: controlled government and changed the constitution (restored power to senate)
Sulla’s constitution
Raised senators to 500-600
muzzled tribunes
*could not introduce legislation to popular
assembly
*could not hold another office after tribune
*iteration enforced
added equestrians to senate
system for governing provinces
*raised praetors to 8
*10 provinces
restored senate's control of extortion court
abolished grain at reasonable prices
did not abolish redistributionLepidus
Consul 78
Wanted to revoke Sulla’s constitution
Vetoed by senate
Wanted to march on Rome
Pompey
Squashed Lepidus’s troops, after which he demanded to be sent to Spain. Having done well there he shared consulship with Crassus in 70 followed by a maritime proconsulship in 67
Setorius
Rebel roman in Spain who was supported by Mithradates
Attacked by Pompey
Third Mithradatic War
74-69 after King of Bithynia willed land to Rome Mithradates invaded. Lucilius defeats Mithradates at Armenia, having chased him there.
Luculius
consul sent to Bythinia for Third Mithradatic War
Sparticus’s Revolt
73: Thracian born military slave who became gladiator. After escaping to Vesuvius he put slaves into disciplined ranks of 70,000 and took control of countryside
Crassus
Commander against 71 Slave Revolt
Consulship of Pompey and Crassus
70: equestrians on extortion courts, Tribunes got old powers back
Lex Gabinia
67: Tribunes propose special command over pirates who were attacking Ostia. The proconsul would have control over sea and 50 miles inland.
Pompey’s proconsulship over the sea
Divided sea into 50 regions entrusted to leges
cleared west in 40 days, the east in 4 months.
Resettled pirates as farmers in Crete
Pompey’s Eastern Provinces
Pontus, Bythinia, Syria, Asia, Selisia
Follout of Pompey’s conquest of the east
Founded about 50 towns
Raised total tribute to Rome
Brought peace to troubled east
Roman Politics: 60’s
Unstable: disturbances in countryside
Consul elections Cicero vs Cato the Younger
Consul hopeful staged small popular uprising
Senate and equestrians come together under Cicero for Reconciliation of the Orders.
Pompey’s return to Rome (64)
- Sends troops home
- Gets triumph
- Senate against him, unwilling to grant land for vets and accept his map of Asia
- Finds allies in Crasus and Julius Ceasar
Julius Ceasar
Popular politician from old family. Governor of Spain 61. Wanted both triumph and consulship, senate forced him to choose, but he didn’t want to. After being consul (59) he became proconsul of Cisalpine Gaul (58) and added transalpine Gaul. Has to keep consulship to have political amnesty. After defeating Pompey and his supporters in civil war he was first consecutive consul, then dictator and finally dictator perpetuus. assassinated 44.
First Triumvirate
- Caesar elected consul with Bibulus and passed land bill for Pompey’s vets (accepted map of Asia, lowered tax bids). Pompey married Caesar’s daughter. Resulted in managed politics, Civil War, increased provincial leadership and the end of the republic
P. Clodius
Tribune 58. passed grain bill, exiled Cicero and Cato, created street gang against Pompey.
Milo
58 leader of Pompey’s political street gang
Ceasar’s proconsulship of Gaul
58 decided to conquer Longhaired Gaul (France) a warlike pastoral society. Known for his clementia.
Vercigetorix
Leader of Gaul Revolt in 53. Ended in annexation, using existing tribal structure to set up provincial governorship and imposed tribut
Renewal of the First Triumvirate
56 members met in Lucca
Caesar got 5 more years in Gaul
Pompey and Crassus got consulship
Pompey five years in Iberia and Crassus in Syria
Death of Crasus
53 at Carrhea during surrender negotiations with Parthia. Resulted in weakening Triumvirate.
Caesar’s crossing of the Rubicon
49, forced by political suicide or civil war. Supported in the east, causing senate to flee to Thesilonica.
Fallout of Civil War
Restored senate to 900, improved extortion court, changed tribute in Macedonia, Roman citizenship to those outside if peninsular Italy, 20 colonies
Mark Antony
consul in 44, gave amnesty to assassins in return to keeping Caesar’s laws. Got cisalpine gaul. Controlled western empire with Lepidus.
Lepidus
Trusted lieutenant in Gaul
Octavian
Caesar’s grand nephew, who returned to Rome from Balkans after assassination. Antony wouldn’t give him his money. Given army to fight Antony because senate feared him as tyrant. Marched on Rome in 43 to take consulship.
2nd triumverant
42 lawful contract between three dictators
proscriptions to pay army
Battle of Philipi
42 Octavian and Antony vs Crasus and Brustus on Greece. O and A won. Antony reestablished order in Greece. Antony got Gaul, Octavian Italy and Lepidus Africa.
Fulvia’s Revolt
- L. Anotoninus and wife Fulvia try to overthrow Octavian. Defeated and Antony stripped of Gaul
Treaty of Brundisium
Antony got East and Octavia, Octavian got west, Lepidus got Africa
Sextus Pompey
enemy of Octavian, who married his daughter. in 38 beat Octavian in naval battle, but finally defeated at nauchus by Aggripa
Donations of Alexandria
34 Antony declares Caesar’s son true heir of Rome
End of Second Triumverant
- Octavian declares war on Cleopatra and senate swears loyalty oath to him
Battle of Actium
31, naval battle between Antony and Agrippa. Antony looses
Consulship of Octavian and Agrippa
28 stayed home and took census
Principate
27 BC consul for life large province, title Augustus, first citizen. claims to have restored senate and republic. senate met regularly and he attended affairs in province
maius imperium
23 greater power to give orders- gave orders to proconsuls in other provinces, acquired powers of Tribune. strengthened in 19 (portable imperium)
Augustus’s social reforms
created professional civil servants, agrippa built sewers and aqueducts, firemen, roads board, moral laws, retirement fund for army
Augustus’s Military reform
soldiers were roman citizens, mostly from italy. 20 years of srvice, couldn’t marry. focused on provinces.
