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Roman History > Test II > Flashcards

Test II Flashcards

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0
Q

Lex frumentari

A

government bought grain in the fall, the. sold it at a fair price the next year

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1
Q

Gaius Gracchus

A

Tribune 123
*courts bill, Lex Agraria, Lex frumenitari,
Taxes from Asia and Jobs bill
* wanted extortion courts jurred by
equestrians and citizenship for allies
* 121 death in mob killing

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2
Q

Senatus consulum

A

121 ultimate decree

*Gracchus enemy of state

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3
Q

Jugertha

A

nephew of deceased king if Numidia

  * attempted to take the crown by force
  * warred with Rome 111-106
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4
Q

Adherbal

A

Son of deceased King of Numidia

Petitioned Rome for help against Jugurtha

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5
Q

Q. Caecillius Metellus

A

Patron of Marius

Fought Jugurtha 109-08

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6
Q

Marius

A 
Client of Q. Caecillius Metellus
Consul 108 against wished of Metellus
Took over Metellus's command 
87 march on Rome
     Proscription
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7
Q

Sulla

A

Marius’s calvary commander
Brilliant general who took Rome by force twice, defeated Pontius, reformed the constitution then retired to be a private citizen in 79

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8
Q

Redistribution

A

Redistribute provinces in the voting tribes to be more evenly spread out and more fairly represented

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9
Q

Publicus Scipio

A

allies with Marius
passed redistribution
got Marius Sulla’s proconsulship
killed in 87

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10
Q

Sulla’s march on Rome

A

87
cancelled redistribution
outlawed Marius and Sulpicus
held consul election

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11
Q

Marius’s proscription

A

87: killed political opponents, outlawed Sulla, elected consul with Cinna in 86

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12
Q

Cinna

A

Political ally with Marius
consul 86, 85, 84
killed 84 by troops

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13
Q

Mithradates

A

King of Pontius
Sacked Delos after taking Bythinia
attacked by Sulla in 87
86 sent army to Greece, defeated by Sulla

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14
Q

Treaty of 86

A

Between Sulla and Mithradates:

Mithradates gives up Asia and pays indemnity

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15
Q

Carbo

A

84 consul after death of Cinna

Repassed distribution

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16
Q

Battle of Copline Gates

A

82 Samnites attack Rome after Sulla takes the city. Sulla wins.

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17
Q

Sulla’s proscriptions

A

82: outlawed 16,000 equestrians and many senators, confiscated their property and freed their slaves to make up his body guard. Gave his troops the land of citied that did not support him.

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18
Q

Sulla’s special dictatorship

A

82: controlled government and changed the constitution (restored power to senate)

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19
Q

Sulla’s constitution

A 
Raised senators to 500-600
muzzled tribunes 
      *could not introduce legislation to popular 
      assembly
      *could not hold another office after tribune
      *iteration enforced
added equestrians to senate
system for governing provinces
      *raised praetors to 8
      *10 provinces
restored senate's control of extortion court
abolished grain at reasonable prices
did not abolish redistribution
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20
Q

Lepidus

A

Consul 78
Wanted to revoke Sulla’s constitution
Vetoed by senate
Wanted to march on Rome

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21
Q

Pompey

A

Squashed Lepidus’s troops, after which he demanded to be sent to Spain. Having done well there he shared consulship with Crassus in 70 followed by a maritime proconsulship in 67

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22
Q

Setorius

A

Rebel roman in Spain who was supported by Mithradates

Attacked by Pompey

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23
Q

Third Mithradatic War

A

74-69 after King of Bithynia willed land to Rome Mithradates invaded. Lucilius defeats Mithradates at Armenia, having chased him there.

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24
Q

Luculius

A

consul sent to Bythinia for Third Mithradatic War

25
Q

Sparticus’s Revolt

A

73: Thracian born military slave who became gladiator. After escaping to Vesuvius he put slaves into disciplined ranks of 70,000 and took control of countryside

26
Q

Crassus

A

Commander against 71 Slave Revolt

27
Q

Consulship of Pompey and Crassus

A

70: equestrians on extortion courts, Tribunes got old powers back

28
Q

Lex Gabinia

A

67: Tribunes propose special command over pirates who were attacking Ostia. The proconsul would have control over sea and 50 miles inland.

29
Q

Pompey’s proconsulship over the sea

A

Divided sea into 50 regions entrusted to leges
cleared west in 40 days, the east in 4 months.
Resettled pirates as farmers in Crete

30
Q

Pompey’s Eastern Provinces

A

Pontus, Bythinia, Syria, Asia, Selisia

31
Q

Follout of Pompey’s conquest of the east

A

Founded about 50 towns
Raised total tribute to Rome
Brought peace to troubled east

32
Q

Roman Politics: 60’s

A

Unstable: disturbances in countryside
Consul elections Cicero vs Cato the Younger
Consul hopeful staged small popular uprising
Senate and equestrians come together under Cicero for Reconciliation of the Orders.

33
Q

Pompey’s return to Rome (64)

A
  • Sends troops home
  • Gets triumph
  • Senate against him, unwilling to grant land for vets and accept his map of Asia
  • Finds allies in Crasus and Julius Ceasar
34
Q

Julius Ceasar

A

Popular politician from old family. Governor of Spain 61. Wanted both triumph and consulship, senate forced him to choose, but he didn’t want to. After being consul (59) he became proconsul of Cisalpine Gaul (58) and added transalpine Gaul. Has to keep consulship to have political amnesty. After defeating Pompey and his supporters in civil war he was first consecutive consul, then dictator and finally dictator perpetuus. assassinated 44.

35
Q

First Triumvirate

A
  1. Caesar elected consul with Bibulus and passed land bill for Pompey’s vets (accepted map of Asia, lowered tax bids). Pompey married Caesar’s daughter. Resulted in managed politics, Civil War, increased provincial leadership and the end of the republic
36
Q

P. Clodius

A

Tribune 58. passed grain bill, exiled Cicero and Cato, created street gang against Pompey.

37
Q

Milo

A

58 leader of Pompey’s political street gang

38
Q

Ceasar’s proconsulship of Gaul

A

58 decided to conquer Longhaired Gaul (France) a warlike pastoral society. Known for his clementia.

39
Q

Vercigetorix

A

Leader of Gaul Revolt in 53. Ended in annexation, using existing tribal structure to set up provincial governorship and imposed tribut

40
Q

Renewal of the First Triumvirate

A

56 members met in Lucca
Caesar got 5 more years in Gaul
Pompey and Crassus got consulship
Pompey five years in Iberia and Crassus in Syria

41
Q

Death of Crasus

A

53 at Carrhea during surrender negotiations with Parthia. Resulted in weakening Triumvirate.

42
Q

Caesar’s crossing of the Rubicon

A

49, forced by political suicide or civil war. Supported in the east, causing senate to flee to Thesilonica.

43
Q

Fallout of Civil War

A

Restored senate to 900, improved extortion court, changed tribute in Macedonia, Roman citizenship to those outside if peninsular Italy, 20 colonies

44
Q

Mark Antony

A

consul in 44, gave amnesty to assassins in return to keeping Caesar’s laws. Got cisalpine gaul. Controlled western empire with Lepidus.

45
Q

Lepidus

A

Trusted lieutenant in Gaul

46
Q

Octavian

A

Caesar’s grand nephew, who returned to Rome from Balkans after assassination. Antony wouldn’t give him his money. Given army to fight Antony because senate feared him as tyrant. Marched on Rome in 43 to take consulship.

47
Q

2nd triumverant

A

42 lawful contract between three dictators

proscriptions to pay army

48
Q

Battle of Philipi

A

42 Octavian and Antony vs Crasus and Brustus on Greece. O and A won. Antony reestablished order in Greece. Antony got Gaul, Octavian Italy and Lepidus Africa.

49
Q

Fulvia’s Revolt

A
  1. L. Anotoninus and wife Fulvia try to overthrow Octavian. Defeated and Antony stripped of Gaul
50
Q

Treaty of Brundisium

A

Antony got East and Octavia, Octavian got west, Lepidus got Africa

51
Q

Sextus Pompey

A

enemy of Octavian, who married his daughter. in 38 beat Octavian in naval battle, but finally defeated at nauchus by Aggripa

52
Q

Donations of Alexandria

A

34 Antony declares Caesar’s son true heir of Rome

53
Q

End of Second Triumverant

A
  1. Octavian declares war on Cleopatra and senate swears loyalty oath to him
54
Q

Battle of Actium

A

31, naval battle between Antony and Agrippa. Antony looses

55
Q

Consulship of Octavian and Agrippa

A

28 stayed home and took census

56
Q

Principate

A

27 BC consul for life large province, title Augustus, first citizen. claims to have restored senate and republic. senate met regularly and he attended affairs in province

57
Q

maius imperium

A

23 greater power to give orders- gave orders to proconsuls in other provinces, acquired powers of Tribune. strengthened in 19 (portable imperium)

58
Q

Augustus’s social reforms

A

created professional civil servants, agrippa built sewers and aqueducts, firemen, roads board, moral laws, retirement fund for army

59
Q

Augustus’s Military reform

A

soldiers were roman citizens, mostly from italy. 20 years of srvice, couldn’t marry. focused on provinces.

Roman History (6 decks)

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