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Roman History > Key Terms for Midterm I > Flashcards

Key Terms for Midterm I Flashcards

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0
Q

Aventine

A

One of the hills of Rome, would be come synonymous with the Plebs.

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1
Q

Palatine

A

The hill upon which Rome was founded

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2
Q

Pomerium

A

The symbolic trench around a Roman city that delineates “inside” and “outside”. The first was legendarily plowed by Romulus.

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3
Q

Livy

A

One of the latin historians

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4
Q

Po Valley

A

The valley to the south east of the Alps

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5
Q

Appenines

A

The mountain range that extends down the spine of Italy.

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6
Q

Eutria

A

The region of North Western Italy inhabited by the Etruscans.

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7
Q

Rex/Reges

A

King/kings

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8
Q

Gens

A

The free-born descendants of a common ancestor in the male line.

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9
Q

30 curia

A

Division of the people people into political units. Three tribes, 10 curia for each tribe.

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10
Q

comitia curiae

A

The earliest form of Roman assembly.

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11
Q

Imperium

A

The supreme power, involving command in war and the interpretation and execution of law.

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12
Q

Tarquin the Elder

A

Fifth king of Rome. Etruscan.

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13
Q

Servius Tillus

A

Sixth king of Rome. Instituted the census, new tribal system, built Rome’s first wall. Started the timocratic system of government.

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14
Q

Tarquin the Younger

A

Assassinated Servius and was the last king of Rome. Raped Lucretia, who killed herself. Roman people revolted saying that virtue and kingship could not coexist.

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15
Q

Hoplite

A

6th century infantryman. Equipped with spear, shield and small sword. Made up the phalanx.

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16
Q

Census

A

Instituted by Servius Tillus, it counted Roman citizens based upon wealth (the ability to arm themselves).

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17
Q

Comitia Centuria

A

Timocratic assembly of five graded property classes that voted on war, laws, the death penalty and elect senior magistrates.

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18
Q

Consuls

A

Two chief annual civil and military magistrates.

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19
Q

Dictator

A

A military leader elected by the senate in a time of crisis who had absolute imperium (usually a consul).

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20
Q

Latin League

A

Informal alliance between cities surrounding Rome.

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21
Q

Sabines, Aeqi, Volscians

A

Nearest hill tribes

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22
Q

Patrician

A

Aristocracy

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23
Q

Plebeians

A

Land owning Roman citizens not in the aristocracy.

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24
Q

Facses

A

The symbol of consicular power: a bundle of sticks with an ax protruding from the center.

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25
Q

Struggle of the Orders

A

Patricians vs the Plebs. Some plebs had enough wealth to supply hoplites, but could not gain the prestige of patrician because they weren’t in the right family. Plebs had no protection from the arbitrary power of consuls.

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26
Q

Tribunes

A

Instituted in 494 as the first victory of the Struggle of the Orders. These two men protected plebs from the consuls and could veto the consuls.

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27
Q

Decemviri

A

451(?) ten men appointed by senate to codify the law

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28
Q

Twelve Tables

A

Resulting written laws of the decemviri.

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29
Q

Military Tribune with Consicular Power

A

440’s senate stopped electing consuls in favor of these guys. Theoretically a pleb could hold this office.

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30
Q

Lician Rogens

A

Canceled much Roman debt, limits private ownership of the ager publicus, revived office if consul and opened it to the plebs (467)

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31
Q

Hill Tribes

A

From the Apennines. They were the first exterior military enemies of Rome. Rome allied with the Latin League. (5th century)

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32
Q

Veii

A

Closest Etruscan city. Rome invaded the city and failed until Furuios Camillus was elected dictator.

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33
Q

Furius Camillus

A

Dictator of the seige of Veii

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34
Q

Celts/Gauls

A

8th century inhabitants of the Po Valley who subsisted from. Mixed agriculture and herding. When they fell on hard times they’d raid the Latins and Etruscans.

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35
Q

Insubres

A

The first Tribe of Gauls to inhabit the Po Valley.

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36
Q

Senons

A

390 came from north and attacked Rome. They sacked the city and only left after being paid a ransom. This event terrified the Romans, becoming a major point in their history and in reaction they built a wall.

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37
Q

Preators

A

Elected magistrate

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38
Q

Ager Publicus

A

Public property won in war time. Came to be privately owned, a tension during the Struggle of the Orders.

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39
Q

civitas sine suffergio

A

A grade of Roman city-state in which a city was considered a part of Rome, but without the right to vote. They got Roman protection and laws.

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40
Q

Latin allies

A

Latin cities that rebelled against Rome in 390, causing Camillus to return from exile to be dictator.

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41
Q

Samnites

A

Tribe from Southern Apennines often at odds with Rome.

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42
Q

P. Decimus Mus

A

341 defeats Latin allies and procures peace.

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43
Q

Roman Confederation

A

The cities under Roman protection in a system of graded citizenship. Consisted of Rome, Campiania and Samnites.

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44
Q

Commercium

A

Citizens of Roman cities could make lawful deals with Romans.

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45
Q

Conumbium

A

Right to intermarriage between Romans and newly acquired cities.

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46
Q

socii latin nominis

A

A grade of citizenship in which the local government was retained and the inhabitants were considered aliens in Roman law. They had to follow Roman foreign policy and could only make contracts with Rome.

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47
Q

Second Samnite Wars

A

326-2: Rome attempted to conquer the hills, but their battle strategy didn’t work since the Samnites had no towns to protect. The Samnites defeated the Romans and negotiated a peace treaty.

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48
Q

Third Samnite War

A

316-04: Etruscans and other Southern Italians join Rome in defeating the Samnites.

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49
Q

Fourth Samnite War

A

299-90: Precipitated by Gauls entering the Po Valley. Samnites alley with new Gauls and defeat Romans in Umbria. In 295 P. Decimus sacrifices himself at Sentium. 290 Rome became allies with Samnites.

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50
Q

Gelius Egnatius

A

299 Samnite leader who allied with the Gauls.

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51
Q

Sentinium

A

295 climatic battle of the Fourth Samnite War in which P. Decimus Mus charged into battle and died.

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52
Q

Tartentum

A

Greek city-state in the arch of Italy. Taken by Pyrrhus of Epirus in 280, which lead to the Pyrrhiric War.

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53
Q

Thurii

A

Greek city-state in Southern Italy that request Rome’s protection against Pyrrhus in 282.

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54
Q

Heraclea

A

280 Romans faced Pyrrhus here. They were severely defeated and fled, causing the Samnites to break from the Confederation.

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55
Q

Demos

A

Greek popular assembly

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56
Q

Pyrrhus of Epirus

A

A first class general and ambitious king who desired to take the Greek city-states of southern Itally.

57
Q

Asculum

A

279: Although he defeated the Romans, he could not win a decisive victory. At the bequest of the Macedonians he went to fight Carthage and tried again to take southern Italy, but again at great loss. Finally he gave up and went to Greece. Thus the Confederation was complete.

58
Q

Lex Genucius

A

342: Law which outlawed iteration (the holding of the same office twice in ten years) and required that one consul be a pleb.

59
Q

Ogulia

A

300: Opened priestly college to plebs

60
Q

Lex Hortens

A

287: Plebeian laws became legally bindingw

61
Q

Mamertines

A

265/4: Former mercenaries of Syracuse took over the city of Messana. When Syracuse began to put pressure on the city the Mamertines looked to ally with Rome. The popular decision to accept lead to empire building of Rome.

62
Q

Hiero of Syracuse

A

264: Negotiated peace treaty with Rome when military force advanced into Syracuse territory when Rome first became involved in Sicily.

63
Q

256

A

Romans took war to North Africa, but upon realizing Carthage was too large to defeat, took the battle to the surrounding areas defeating Carthage in Tunis and causes Carthaginian allies to defect. The next year Carthage raised a Geek phalanx and utterly defeated the Romans.

64
Q

Agrigentium

A

262: First major victory of the First Punic War. The romans sacked the city.

65
Q

Panormus

A

254: North Sicilian town that was the sight of a victorious Roman naval battle against Carthage.

66
Q

Lillybeaum

A

250: Romans attack last major Carthaginian town and lost.

67
Q

P. Claudius Pulchre

A

Commander of the 249 failed naval attack on Lillybeaum.

68
Q

Hamilcar Barca (249)

A

Lead defense of Lillybeaum. In the long term lost the town because the Romans cut off port access.

69
Q

C. Lutalius

A

249: Cut off harbor of Lillybeaum from the rest of Carthage. When Carthage left to take care of him they returned to find Romans in their port and lost the war.

70
Q

Terms of the end of the First Punic War

A

Carthage had to give Rome 3,200 talents over ten years and Sicily.

71
Q

Sardinian

A

Became Roman territory in the Mercenary War (241)

72
Q

provincea

A

the area a magistrate governed

73
Q

Lex Genucius

A

342: One consul had to be a pleb, outlawed iteration, spread the offices among the aristocracy, lead to armature consuls and charismatic individuals could not achieve the same level of success.

74
Q

Questor

A

Finance Officer, 4

75
Q

aedile

A

Public officer- over saw temples, trade, markets, weights, public games, public grain supply, public buildings and law. Four yearly, two had to be plebs.

76
Q

Tribune

A

Ten annually. Plebeian leaders or military leaders.

77
Q

Preator

A

At least one year,ply, the number grew as the empire grew. Presided over law courts.

78
Q

Censor

A

Two men every five years who took the census.

79
Q

Sardina

A

238-231: cause of the Second Punic War. Sardinia didn’t want Rome and allowed Carthage back.

80
Q

Ligura

A

238-29: Romans fought mercenaries in this south Italian region.

81
Q

Hamilcar Barca (238)

A

Leader of the faction of Carthaginians who wanted to reestablish their empire. He conquered the the southeast Iberia, founding gold and silver mines (238-29).

82
Q

Hasdrubal

A

229-21: Son-in-law of Hamilcar who took over leadership of Iberia after his death

83
Q

Ebro Treaty

A

229: Between the city of Messalia and Cathage, mediated with help of Rome.

84
Q

C. Flaminus

A

Built colony in Gaul and makes war in 226.

85
Q

Telamon

A

225: Romans defeat Gauls and by 222 take Cisalpine Gaul

86
Q

Hannible

A

221: Son of Hamilcar who took command of Iberia once Hasdrubal died.

87
Q

Saguntum

A

219: Hannibal attacked the city and Rome interfered, causing the Second Punic War.

88
Q

P. Cornelius Scioio

A

218: General of the Second Punic War

89
Q

Tribea

A

218: Carthaginian victory in Cisalpine Gaul. He then continues into Italy, defeating the army of C. Flaminus

90
Q

Fabius Maximus

A

215: Dictator, nick named cuncator (the Delayer) for his tactic of avoiding direct conflict with Hannibal and instead making small raids on the edges.

91
Q

Canna

A

216: New consuls Paulus and Varro engage Hannibal in battle and are utterly defeated, causing allies to start breaking off (Samnites, Capua, Syracuse, Terento).

92
Q

Publius Scipio

A

209: Takes over campaign of Iberia despite youth after his father and uncle are killed there. He was able to take New Carthage (206) and in 205 elected consul. He raised an army and invaded North Africa in 204 and after much fighting a treaty was signed, only to be ignored with the return of Hannibal.

93
Q

Claduis Nero

A

Commander from south Italy who marched his army to the north in seven days to meet Hasdrubal.

94
Q

Zama

A

202: Scipio and Hannibal battle here and Rome wins.

95
Q

Terms of the end of Second Punic War

A

Carthage gave up Iberia, war elephants and fleet. Pay 10,000 talons over 50 years. Carthage became a dependent alley of Rome.

96
Q

Macedonia

A

One of the Greek territories ruled by the Antigonid

97
Q

Egypt

A

One of the Greek territories ruled by the Ptolemies.

98
Q

Selusid Empire

A

One of the Greek territories. Included Syria, Mesopotamia, Persia and Asia Minor

99
Q

Aetolian League

A

The League of Italian Greek cities.

100
Q

Acheon League

A

The league of Greek cities in Greece proper.

101
Q

Hellenistic World

A

Propagated by Greek elite in the Near East.

102
Q

Philip of Macadonia

A

Philip supported Carthage in the Punic War, so when Rhodes asked for help against him, Rome happily obliged.

103
Q

P. Sulpicus Galhe

A

Wanted war with Philip, but was initially voted down.

104
Q

Fetters of Greece

A

Three strategic cities that Philip controlled. Chalcis, Corinth and Demetrius.

105
Q

Second Macedonian War

A

199-97

106
Q

I. Quintus Flaminius

A

198: sent to Greece to fight Philip

107
Q

Battle of Cynoscephalas

A

198: Romans and Aetolian League won. Philip had to give up his feet and pay an indemnity.

108
Q

Second Macedonian War

A

200-197

109
Q

Syrian War

A

192-87

110
Q

Third Macedonian War

A

171-68

111
Q

Antiochus the Third

A

Emperor of Selucid territory

112
Q

Battle of Thermopylae

A

191 Roman victory

113
Q

Lucius Scipio

A

Continued war in Asia Minor (190)

114
Q

Magnesia

A

190: Final battle of the First Macedonian War between Lucius and Antiochus.

115
Q

Treaty if Apromae

A

187: Antiochus had to give up fleet, elephants, Hannibal and 15,000 talents. Rome gave Antiochis’s land to Pergamum and Rhodes.

116
Q

Persius

A

172: Successor of Philip of Macedonia

117
Q

Eumenes of Pergamum

A

Came to Rome to inform the senate that Persius intended to oust Rome from Greece.

118
Q

L. Aemilius

A

168: defeated Persius at Pydra

119
Q

Results of the Third Macedonian War

A

Macedonia divided into four regions
Rome took Rhode’s territory in Asia Minor
Rome tried and executed anti-Roman politicians in the Aetolian League.

120
Q

Epirus

A

168: Paullus captured 150 000 slaves here on his march back from the Third Macedonian War.

121
Q

Popillus

A

Drew a circle around Antiochus the Fourth and demanded that he choose whether or not to continue expansion before leaving the circle. Antiochus relented.

122
Q

Masinissa

A

King of Numidia who attempted to unite tribes and instigated the Third Punic War by encroaching upon Carthaginian territory.

123
Q

Third Punic War

A

149-46: Initially fought over land disputes, but ended in the complete destruction of Cathage.

124
Q

Cato the Elder

A

Leader the anti-Carthage faction in Rome.

125
Q

Andriseus

A

149: Claimed to be the heir of Persius and started the Macedonian Revolt

126
Q

Critolaus

A

Leader of Corinth under the 148 revolt

127
Q

Scipio Aemilianis

A

148: elected Tribune of Carthage and lead successful siege of the city.

128
Q

Africa

A

The name of the province formerly Carthage

129
Q

Mummius

A

146: Roman general who laid waste to Corinth and annexed Greece

130
Q

Equstrians

A

Money class that rose in the 140’s. They acquired great wealth through government contracts but lacked political power.

131
Q

Latifundia

A

Great land estates

132
Q

Delos

A

Center of the slave market

133
Q

Secret ballot

A

139

134
Q

Lex Calpurmade Repetundis

A

149 law that created courts for the trial of praetors for extortion after their term.

135
Q

Third Celtiberian War/Numantine War

A

143: embarrassing war for Romans

136
Q

Hostilius Mancinus

A

137: General who was captured by the celts and was a huge embarsement.

137
Q

Tiberius Gracchus

A

Reformer who attempted to pass land bills and demonstrated how popular support could be used to advance in politics. Killed in Senate mob

138
Q

Lex agraria

A

133: Enforce Lucian Rogations law on agur publicus. Tried to give land to the peasants, thereby increasing infantry and alleviating Rome’s slums.

139
Q

M. Octavius

A

Opposed T. Gracchus’s land reform

140
Q

Land Commision

A

Instituted in 133 to over see the execution of the Lex Agraria

141
Q

Scipio Nascia

A

Lead senate mob to kill T. Gracchus in 132

Roman History (6 decks)

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