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Roman History > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

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0
Q

When was the Orientalizing Period?

A

720 - 580 BCE

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1
Q

When was the Iron Age?

A

1200 BCE - 400 CE

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2
Q

When was the Archaic Period?

A

580-480 BCE

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3
Q

What forms the Northern boarder of Italy?

A

The Alps.

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4
Q

What is the name of the valley to the south of the Alps?

A

The Po Valley.

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5
Q

Where are the Apennine Mountians?

A

They begin to the South of the Po Valley and extend down the spine of Italy to the toe of the boot.

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6
Q

What three cultures arise in Italy?

A

Etruscan, Latin and Campianian

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7
Q

What two things are needed needed for a city-state?

A

Agricultural growth and an aristocracy.

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8
Q

How did city states arise in Southern Italy?

A

Greek colonies

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9
Q

What are the six hills that surround the Palentine?

A

Capitoline, Avenine, Caelian, Quirinal, Viminal, Esquiline

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10
Q

What cultures surround Rome?

A

Etruscans to the North, Sabines to the East, Latins to the South

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11
Q

What geographic feature lies to the West of Rome?

A

The Tiber River.

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12
Q

How was ancient Roman Society organized?

A

Familia, gens, tribe

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13
Q

What was the census?

A

Instituted in the 6th century by Servius, this counted the number of armed men based on wealth and land ownership.

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14
Q

What was the Assembly of the Centuries?

A

Instituted in the 6th century by Servius, this body of wealthy men represented the military century of their region and voted on matters of war.

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15
Q

What were the Consuls?

A

The two top positions in Rome circa 509. Held by elected patrons, each with veto power over the other.

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16
Q

What was Nexum?

A

A legal agreement in which a man’s freedom was the collateral of a loan.

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17
Q

What is the Palintine?

A

The hill upon which Rome was founded.

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18
Q

What was the pomerium?

A

The sacred division between Rome and everything else. Romulus legendarily plowed the first pomerium.

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19
Q

Who is Livy?

A

A Roman historian from whom we get most of our data about early Rome.

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20
Q

When was the Archaic Period?

A

580-480 BCE

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21
Q

What does Rex/Regis mean?

A

King/Kings

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22
Q

What were the gens?

A

Extended family.

23
Q

What were the Curia?

A

Clans. Originally 30, 10 in each tribe.

24
Q

Comita Curia

A

Assembly composed of clan members.

25
Q

Imperium

A

The power to rule and divine augurs.

26
Q

Who were the last three kings of Rome?

A

Tarquin the Elder, Servius Tillus and Tarquin the Younger.

27
Q

What were Servius’s three main accomplishments?

A
  1. Instituted census based on a Timocratic (wealth based) system.
  2. Built Rome’s first wall (probably legend)
  3. Instituted new tribes based on geography
28
Q

What were hoplites?

A

6th century infantry soldiers. They were cheaper to maintain than patrician army.

29
Q

Lucretia

A

Wife of aristocrat who killed herself after being raped by Tarquin the Younger’s son, causing the populist to rebel against kingship and institute the Republic.

30
Q

In what year is the Republic said to have begun?

A

505BCE

31
Q

What were the consuls?

A

Two aristocratic men elected to govern Rome for one year.

32
Q

What was the fasces?

A

The symbol of the power of the consul. An ax protruding from a bundle of sticks.

33
Q

Dictator

A

Appointed position of 6 months (or until the end of crisis)

34
Q

Senate

A

Advisory council to the Consuls.

35
Q

Struggle of the Orders

A

A long internal dispute between the patricians and the plebeians regarding what members of society could hold office.

36
Q

What three factors instigate the Struggle of the Orders?

A
  1. Arbitrary power of the consuls
  2. Economic hard times
  3. Push for democracy from wealthy plebs
  4. Pressure from tribal raids from the Apennines
37
Q

Tribunes

A

Instituted in 494 during the Struggle of the Orders to protect Plebs from the Consuls. The two men had the power of veto and could not leave the city during their year term.

38
Q

Decemuri

A

A council of 10 men who were appointed to codify the law in 451

39
Q

12 Tables

A

The written law the Decemuri produced, ending the first episode of the Struggle of the Orders.

40
Q

Hill Tribes

A

Raiders from the Apennines, first enemies of Rome. Wars with them ended in 405.

41
Q

Latin League

A

Military force of Rome and other Latin towns combined against the Hill Tribes

42
Q

Veii

A

A competitive Etruscan city that the Romans laid siege on. Had to level taxes to pay a professional army.

43
Q

Furius Camillus

A

Dictator of the Seige of Veii, won by tunneling under the city.

44
Q

Who were the Celts?

A

Also known as Gauls, they were immigrants from the North of Italy who inhabited the Po Valley in the 8th century. They raided Latin towns as part of subsistence. The first tribe to invade was the Insuber.

45
Q

Describe the Sack of Rome

A

In 390 the Gaulic tribe of Sunones attack Rome from the north and successfully raided the city. Camillus returned as dictator and a wall was built around Rome.

46
Q

Latin Wars

A

Seeing Rome fall to the Gauls, the Volscians and Latin tribes revolt against Rme for the next 40 years.

47
Q

When was the law against intermarriage between patricians and plebs revoked?

A

440’s as part of the Struggle of the Orders.

48
Q

Military tribunes with consular power

A

As part of the struggle of the orders consuls stop being elected and these guys are created. Plebs can hold this office.

49
Q

Lucian Rogations

A

467:

  1. Lead by C. Licinius and L Sextus during Struggle of the Orders
  2. Canceled much Roman debt
  3. Limited private ownership of auger publicus
  4. Reinstated consuls with plebs
50
Q

Preators

A

Judicial public figures

51
Q

Samnites

A

People from Southern Apennines.

52
Q

First Samnites War

A

343-341
Rome comes to Capua’s aid
Latin break from Rome
Cities of Campania back Rome

53
Q

P. Decimus Mur

A

Defeats Latins in 341 and wins peace for Romans.

54
Q

What three factors lead to the Roman Confederation?

A
  1. Winning war against Latins
  2. Winning the Samnite Wars
  3. Conquest of Italian South

Roman History (6 decks)

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