Test Four: Test #2

Question 1

What is the definition of cellular respiration?

Answer 1

The metabolic harvest of energy by oxidation

Question 2

What chemical process “runs the show” regarding the process of cellular respiration?

Answer 2

Oxidation Reduction Reaction

Question 3

What is the one main difference between the processes of aerobic and anaerobic
respiration discussed in class? (i.e. know all information we discussed regarding their final electron acceptors and that is the only information you need to know for this question)

Answer 3

Aerobic respiration: needs oxygen
Anaerobic respiration: inorganic molecules used instead of oxygen

Question 4

Fermentation is a type of _______ respiration and takes place when the final electron acceptor is an/a ________________ molecule. Fill in the blanks.

Answer 4

anaerobic; inorganic

Question 5

What is the overall equation of aerobic cellular respiration? (i.e. know the reactants and products we discussed and the equation which was on the board)

Answer 5

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water

Question 6

Why is cellular respiration considered a catabolic process?

Answer 6

It involves breaking down complex biomolecular substances such as glucose.

Question 7

What takes place when one says “substrate-level phosphorylation” has occurred?

Answer 7

Simply means taking something that’s not considered energy and then creating it with the help of enzymes, to transform it into ATP, many enzymes used in process

Question 8

Glycolysis is the first process which occurs during cellular respiration. Where in the cell does this process take place?

Answer 8

Only in the cytoplasm

Question 9

Glycolysis is the first process which occurs during cellular respiration. What is the overall equation of this process?(i.e. know the reactants and products we discussed and the equation which was on the board)

Answer 9

Glucose(6C) → 2 pyruvates (3C + 3C) + 2 ATP + 4NADH

Question 10

After glycolysis occurs within an organism, what are the two possible processes which can occur afterwards? The presence of what molecule decides which process will take place?

Answer 10

1) Pyruvate Oxidation - 1 of the carbon breaks off and bonds with oxygen because it’s an aerobic reaction, therefore carbon dioxide is created
2) Krebs Cycle - Exhale out carbon dioxide , ATP is made a little bit along with NADH
again, but this time also FADH

Question 11

What is the overall equation for pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 11

Pyruvate (3C) → Co2 (1C) + 2 Acetyl-CoA (2C coenzyme) + NADH

Question 12

What is the overall equation for the Krebs cycle?

Answer 12

Acetyl - CoA → Co2 + ATP + NADH + FADH2

Question 13

What is the overall equation for the ETC (electron transport chain)?

Answer 13

NADH + FADH2 → H2O + ATP (very concentrated) + NAD +FAD

Question 14

Anaerobic respiration can have many different types of final electron acceptors by the end of this metabolic pathway. Which of these statements do not describe any of the possible examples discussed in class? (know the information we discussed on chapter seven slide six)

Answer 14

Methanogens - type of bacteria that uses carbon dioxide (gas) or most inorganic compounds.The ultimate goal is to produce methane (gas).

Ex: When a cow farts, it releases methane, it’s not the cow doing this though, it is bacteria in its gut producing the methane, thus causing its release.

Question 15

Glycolysis is the first process which occurs during cellular respiration. Which of these statements describe the reactants and products of the first step called glucose priming?

Answer 15

Glucose Priming: 2 things bond together to produce diphosphate, not split until cleavage (step 2). The word glucose is a sign that you start and end up with 6 carbon sugars.

6 Carbon Sugars + 2ATP → 6 Carbon Sugar (diphosphate)

Question 16

Glycolysis is the first process which occurs during cellular respiration. Which of these statements describe the reactants and products of the second step called cleavage and rearrangement?

Answer 16

Cleavage and Rearrangement: You split the 6 Carbon sugars in two and cut it. A little bit of energy (ATP) is required to begin the process
6 Carbon Sugar (Diphosphate) → 2 of 3 Carbon sugar Phosphates (G3P)

Question 17

Glycolysis is the first process which occurs during cellular respiration. Which of these statements describe the reactants and products of the third step called oxidation?

Answer 17

Oxidation (NADH formed): removing hydrogen to make NADH. Note: Oxidation is the removal of an electron in this case hydrogen

2G3P electrons + 4 ATP → NADH

Question 18

Glycolysis is the first process which occurs during cellular respiration. Which of these statements describe the reactants and products of the fourth step called ATP generation?

Answer 18

2G3P → 4ATP + 2 pyruvates (3 carbon each)

Question 19

Glycolysis is the first process which occurs during cellular respiration. Which of these statements describe the reactants and products of the second step called cleavage and rearrangement?

Answer 19

Cleavage and Rearrangement: You split the 6 Carbon sugars in two and cut it.

A little bit of energy (ATP) is required to begin the process
6 Carbon Sugar (Diphosphate) → 2 of 3 Carbon sugar Phosphates (G3P)