Test Four Lecture #4

Question 1

Which statement does not accurately describe the steps of ethanol fermentation? Know the diagram we discussed on chapter seven slide twenty-four.

Answer 1

Done by yeast, not by use, production of alcohol.
Steps: 1.Glycolysis (same for any organism doing glucose catabolism), 2. Pyruvate, 3. Ethanol created.

Question 2

Why is it a bad thing if an organism produced too much lactate during the fermentation process within the muscle cells?

Answer 2

Too much lactate in the muscle is bad, that’s why too much burn is bad, it’ll create scar tissue and can eventually debilitate someone’s body parts.

Question 3

Why is it bad if an organism keeps on completing ethanol fermentation within a closed container where the ethanol cannot escape as it is created?

Answer 3

Can’t be used for a long period of time within a closed container because if it has more than 12% then it’ll kill the species producing it. Bacteria and yeast can only handle certain levels of ethanol. When the container is open it’s different because things can evaporate.

Question 4

Which statement does not accurately describe the steps of lactic fermentation? Know the diagram we discussed on chapter seven slide twenty-five.

Answer 4

Start with pyruvate, then add NADH, Remove H, add it to the pyruvate and then Lactate is created

Question 5

Glucose is not the only source of energy for our bodies. Which of these macromolecules can also be broken down for energy? (know the information we discussed on the chart on chapter seven slide twenty-seven)

Answer 5

Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Fats

Question 6

Which statement describes deamination? (only know the information we discussed in class)

Answer 6

The process of breaking down a protein is called this because you are removing the amino acid group from the proteins itself; the byproduct is urea/urine is formed

Question 7

Which statement describes β-oxidation? (only know the information we discussed in class)

Answer 7

breaking down fatty acids + glycerol, multiple redox reactions occur to end with acetyl CoA, run by redox reactions

Question 8

The respiration of a six-carbon fatty acid yields _________ (percent) more ATP than the respiration of glucose. Fill in the blank.

Answer 8

20%

Question 9

A fatty acid will also weigh _________ (percent or fraction) less than a glucose molecule of the same size (so it can contain more kilocalories in less space). Fill in the blank.

Answer 9

⅔ or 66%

Question 10

According to the video Photosynthesis: Crash Course Biology #8, about how long ago did the first organism use the process of photosynthesis?

Answer 10

3.5 billion years

Question 11

According to the video Photosynthesis: Crash Course Biology #8, what three physical components (morphological parts) allow vascular plants to complete photosynthesis?

Answer 11

Water, Carbon Dioxide, & the Sun

Question 12

According to the video Photosynthesis: Crash Course Biology #8, within a chloroplast, there is a thylakoid which stores chlorophyll. The thylakoids are stacked into ______, inside the thylakoids is the _______, and outside the thylakoids (and technically surrounding it) is the _________. Fill in the blanks.

Answer 12

Grana; lumen; stroma

Question 13

Photosynthesis cannot occur in which of these organisms?

Answer 13

Photosynthesis CAN OCCUR in Bacteria (some), Algae + Protists, leaves and stems of plants

Question 14

Which statement describes the overall steps of the light-dependent reactions occurring during photosynthesis?

Answer 14

1(need sunlight energy to make atp and NADPH), have chloroplast 2, then can start process; Sunlight kickstart reaction, without 2 things can’t take next step

Question 15

Which statement describes the overall steps of the light-independent reactions occurring during photosynthesis?

Answer 15

Don’t need sunlight; you need enzymes

Question 16

What is the overall equation of the process of photosynthesis? (i.e. know all reactants and products we discussed)

Answer 16

6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy → Glucose (carbon fixation) + 6H2O + 6O2

Question 17

Chloroplasts carry out the photosynthetic process. Know the different parts of the chloroplast we discussed in class (i.e. be able to label the different parts)

Answer 17

Thylakoids: little stacked plates

Stroma: liquid outside granum

Photosystems: antennas where light will be brought to thylakoids, captures all light energy

Question 18

Where within a chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?

Answer 18

Granum

Question 19

Where within a chloroplast do the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis occur?

Answer 19

Stroma

Question 20

_________ are found within thylakoids and are capable of capturing photons which are used as energy during the photosynthetic process. Fill in the blank.

Answer 20

Photosystems