Test Four: Lecture 1

Question 1

What is the definition of energy?

Answer 1

the capacity to do work

Question 2

What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?

Answer 2

Kinetic energy - is when your using energy to do something (the energy of motion)
Potential energy - is when your storing energy for another time (storing storer

Question 3

occurs when energy is transferred from one molecule to another and are used in many different biological processes

Answer 3

Redox Reactions

Question 4

What is the difference between reduction and oxidation processes?

Answer 4

Oxidation - is when you have a molecule and you are losing some type of electron (less energy)
Reduction - is when you are gaining some type of electron

Question 5

is the ability of organisms to store energy in molecules by transferring electrons

Answer 5

Reducing Power

Question 6

Which statement describes any information discussed in class regarding the First Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 6

energy can not be created, nor destroyed; it can only change from one form to another (eating is an example of this because you are breaking apart the food and turning it into energy to be used or stored)

Question 7

What is often a byproduct of a chemical reaction (according to the First Law of Thermodynamics)?

Answer 7

Heat

Question 8

Which statement describes any information discussed in class regarding the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 8

The Second Law of Thermodynamics - just because energy is there, that doesn’t mean that everything you consume, you can get something from because some of it is going to be waste material; disorder is more likely than order (the chances of you eating something and using every single piece of it is basically impossible)

Question 9

What is the definition of either (a) entropy, (b) or free energy?

Answer 9

Entropy - is a measure of a disorder of a system
Free Energy - the amount of energy available to break and form other chemical bonds; the energy available to do work

Question 10

What is the equation for Gibbs free energy?

Answer 10

G = H - TS

Question 11

What does each letter represent (the word and what it means) within the equation for Gibbs free energy?

Answer 11

G: Free Energy
H: Enthalpy - the energy contained in a molecules chemical bond (ex: food)
T: Absolute Temperature
S: Entropy

Question 12

What is the difference between an endergonic and exergonic reaction?

Answer 12

Endergonic Reactions(plus g) - any reaction that requires an input of energy
Exergonic Reactions(minus/negative g) - any reaction which releases the excess energy as heat

Question 13

What is the definition of activation energy?

Answer 13

Activation Energy - The extra energy required to destabilize existing chemical bonds and initiate chemical reactions (the energy you need to start a reaction)

Question 14

How are catalysts useful for completing chemical reactions?

Answer 14

Catalysts lower the activation energy needed to begin a chemical process (reaction goes faster)

Question 15

Which statement does not describe the structure of ATP?

Answer 15

You need ribose, adenine, and a triphosphate group

Question 16

How does ATP store and release energy (know the specific bond we discussed)?

Answer 16

ATP stores energy in the bonds between the phosphate groups which have a low activation energy to be broken; they can release a lot of energy when broken

Question 17

What is the difference between the structures of ATP and ADP (there is only one main difference we discussed in class)?

Answer 17

ATP has 3 phosphates and ADP has 2 phosphates

Question 18

Know the ATP cycle below. You will have to label the steps of this reaction if this question is chosen by Excel.

Answer 18

You have ATP, you add water, and through a hydrolysis reaction, water breaks apart the ATP (take a phosphate off) into 2 pieces: ADP and the extra phosphate that was taken off, energy for endergonic cellular processes is now available, Pi stands for the extra phosphate that was broken off, then you add the phosphate back to the ADP