Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History of the Church 1 > Test Four > Flashcards

Test Four Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

Leo I

A
  • “__ the Great”
  • Contended that Jesus made Peter the rock on which the church was to be built and Peter’s successor, the bishop of Rome, the head of the church
  • Intervened in council of Chalcedon with “___’s Tome” and asserted that Jesus is fully human, fully divine
  • Rode out to meet Attila the Hun who turned away from Rome
  • Negotiated with Vandals, who sacked Rome but did not burn it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gregory I

A
  • “___ the Great”
  • Abbot of Monastery, reluctant to accept election as Pope
  • Ruled Rome but did not claim universal authority, did see himself as Patriarch of the West
  • Negotiated peace settlement with Lombards
  • Administered collection and distribution of church revenues
  • Demanded that bishop’s pallium (cape-sign of apostolic authority) be conferred by pope
  • Promoted Semi-Augustine position
  • Doctrines of purgatory and penance
  • In mass, Christ sacrificed anew
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Benedict of Nursia

A
  • Father of Western Monasticism

- Established monastery at Monte Cassino

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Patrick

A
  • Only nominal Christian as youth in Britain; captured by Irish pirates; forced to tend sheep; grew in faith; escaped; returned to Britain
  • In a vision, called back to Ireland as missionary; studied and was ordained in Gaul
  • 342, returned to Ireland
  • Irish monasticism preserved scholarship and influenced Europe from 6th to 9th centuries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Columba of Iona

A
  • Monk excommunicated for leading his clan in battle; in exile, he founded abbey in Iona
  • 3 ideals: chastity, humility, community of goods
  • He and followers conducted missions in Scotland, converted pagan kings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Augustine of Canterbury

A
  • Sent by Gregory I to convert Saxons
  • Unable to unite Saxon Christians with Celtic Christians
  • Synod of Whitby: Most of England adopted Roman Catholicism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Boniface (Winfrid)

A
  • Anglo-Saxon Monk and Missionary who evangelized Germans
  • Method was to convert the chief/prince, then baptize and teach people
  • Minstered under papal and civil authority: Chales Martel and Pepin the Short
  • Anointed Pepin as King
  • Legend of Thor’s Oak: he chopped down sacred tree, which fell in the shape of a cross; pieces were used to build chapel dedicated to Peter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Justinian

A
  • Eastern Empire revived under his rule
  • 533, his general, Belisarius, defeated Vandals at Carthage; returned Orthodox Christianity to North Africa
  • His armies invaded Italy and defeated Ostrogoths, establishing Byzantine presence in Italy
  • He convened Council of Constantinople II in an effort to achieve religious unity in East
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Charles the Hammer

A

Halted Muslim advance into France at Battle of Tours (732)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Charlemagne

A
  • Charles the great
  • Extended kingdom into empire from Pyrenees to Danuve, from Danish border to south of Rome
  • Christmas Day, 800, crowned by Leo III; birth of Holy Roman Empire
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Purgatory

A
  • Place of purification for those who die in sin
  • Those who die in faith and communion with church but without absolution go here
  • Living can help the dead out by offering masses on their behalf
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Monophysite

A

Holds that in the person of Jesus Christ there is only one nature (wholly divine or only subordinately human), not two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nestorian

A

opposes the concept of hypostatic union and emphasizes that the two natures (human and divine) of Jesus Christ were joined by will rather than personhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Monothelite

A
  • “One will”

- Agreed to two natures but only one divine will in Christ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Duothelite

A
  • “Two wills”

- Claimed that two natures meant two wills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Icons

A

Images used in worship

17
Q

Hejira

A

Date used to begin Muslim Calendars

18
Q

Qur’an

A
  • Revelations of Allah to Muhammad over 20-year period
  • Abu Bakr, Muhammad’s sucessor, ordered revelations and oral traditions to be preserved
  • Written in Arabic, true language of Allah
  • Teaches on God (Allah) and the final revelation of his will which completes the work of the prophets
19
Q

Hadith

A
  • More practical instructions
  • The most orthodox were compiled by Al-Bukhari and Muslim
  • About 13,000; 3,000 shared in common between Al-Bukhari and Muslim
20
Q

Jihad

A
  • Literally, “exertion or effort”
  • In a broad sense, it is considered the Sixth Pillar
  • –Inner aspect: exertion for piety
  • –Outer aspect: submission of community to pattern of Medina
  • In narrow sense, “holy war”–armed struggle to advance Islam
21
Q

Shi’ite

A
  • Islamic Division–Person centered
  • Religious leaders must be descendants of Muhammad and worthy
  • Follow Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law (married Muhammad’s daughter, Fatima)
22
Q

Sunni

A
  • Islamic Division–Arab tradition centered
  • Emphasize Qur’an and the tradition (sunna) of the Prophet found in the hadith (sayings attributed to Muhammad)
  • Followed successors to Abu Bakr, Muhammad’s father-in-law
23
Q

Feudalism

A
  • Arose after collapse of Carolingian Empire because of lack of protection
  • System of government in absence of a centralized authority
  • –Power and wealth depended on property (land)
  • Private exercise of government by nobles over vassals through granting of property in return for service
24
Q

Feudal Church

A
  • Churchmen became subject to secular power
  • –Many churchmen became vassals of secular lords
  • Mixture of religious and secular
  • –Secular lords influenced affairs of church
  • –Religious vassal was required to provide armies
  • Church came into vast holdings through vassalage
  • Church became more powerful and centralized
  • Two chains of command developed for clergy
  • –Religious vassals owed loyalties to secular lords as well as to eccelsiastical superiors
  • –Led to clash between church and state
25
Q

Be able to list some of the arguments for the primacy of the Roman bishop

A
  • Matthew 16:18-20
  • Peter and Paul were martyred in Rome
  • Irenaues taught that Roman church was established by Peter
  • Council of Nicea gave regional authority to Rome, Antioch, Alexandria, and Jerusalem
  • Council of Chalcedon: Leo’s letter was sent with “authority of Peter” and Leo’s ascendancy marked him as first pope
26
Q

Be able to list some of the ways that Islam impacted Christianity

A
  • Loss of major Christian holy places
  • Loss of Carthage, origin of Latin Christianity
  • Opposition to Christianity in Africa, Spain, Persia, and Eastern Europe
  • Christianity spread instead along North-South axis: British isles, Frankish kingdom, and Italy
  • Separation of Western Christendom from Constantinople
  • Ultimately: the Crusades
27
Q

Medieval Era: Early Period

A
  • 451-800
  • From the Council of Chalcedon to Charlemagne and the formation of the Holy Roman Empire
  • Invasion of Barbarians and reordering of society with new people groups
28
Q

Medieval Era: Middle Period

A
  • 800-1215
  • From Charlemagne to the Fourth Lateran Council
  • Great schism between Western and Eastern Churches
29
Q

Medieval Era: Late Period

A
  • 1215-1453
  • From the Fourth Lateran Council to Fall of Constantinople
  • Signing of the Magna Carta in England and beginning of nationalism; dawn of the Reformation
30
Q

Be able to list some of the positive dimensions of the Feudal Church

A
  • Church was only significant educator; influenced literature and legislation
  • Injected Christian values into knightly system of chivalry
  • To small degree, inhibited some warfare (Truce of God–cessation of warfare on Sundays, Advent, and Lent)
31
Q

Council of Constantinople II

A
  • Many Alexandrian Christians were dissatisfied with the definition of Christ as having two natures
  • Chalcedonian definition revised in line with Cyril’s Alexandrian view of mystical union of divine and human in nature of Christ
  • Debate shifted from Jesus’ nature to his will
32
Q

Council of Constantinople III

A
  • Debate between monothelites (“one will”) vs. duothelites (“two wills”)
  • Reaffirmed Chaldedonian definition that Christ has two distinct natures
  • Amended formula to include:
  • –Two natural wills, not opposed to each other
  • –The human will follows the divine will and is subject to it
33
Q

Council of Nicea II

A
  • Debate over the use of icons (images) in worship
  • –Icondules: incarnation meant that divine was joined to human and should be represented in visual art
  • –Iconoclasts: disapproved of any visual art depicting Jesus
  • Icons are allowed in worship to affirm incarnation of Christ
  • People are allowed to bow down before and to kiss icons, but not to worship icons
  • Worshipping of icons was forbidden; worship was to be bestowed on God alone

History of the Church 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions