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Toxi Lab > Test for Amphetamines > Flashcards

Test for Amphetamines Flashcards

1
Q

Dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate, methamphetamine are FDA approved substances used for

A

ADHD and narcolepsy

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2
Q

short-term adjunctive therapy for
exogenous obesity

A

Sibutramine

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3
Q

Routes of exposure of Amphetamine toxicity

A

● Ingestion
● Smoking
● Injection
● Insufflation

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4
Q

Sympathomimetic symptoms of Amphetamine toxicity

A

● Tachycardia (High HR)
● Hypertension (High BP)
● Diaphoresis (excess
sweating)
● Hyperthermia (High body
temp.)

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5
Q

CNS effects of Amphetamine toxicity

A

● Anxiety
● Agitation
● Hallucinations
● Psychosis

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6
Q

Amphetamine may cause Death due to

A

● Hyperthermia
● Cardiac arrhythmias
● Intracerebral hemorrhage

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7
Q

Onset of symptoms of Amphetamines

A

minutes to several hours

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8
Q

Amphetamine Duration of Toxicity

A

May last for more than 24 hours

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9
Q

Amphetamine’s mechanism of toxicity works through excessively stimulating the _______________ and __________ and ___________

A

central and peripheral alpha- and beta-adrenergic

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10
Q

Amphetamine works thru _______ (direct/indirect) alpha agonism

A

direct

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11
Q

Amphetamine inhibits the endogenous ____________ reuptake

A

catecholamine

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12
Q

Amphetamine’s Neurotoxicity is caused by

A

oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and
mitochondrial dysfunction

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13
Q

Other names for METHAMPHETAMINE

A

Shabu

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14
Q

Shabu is a CNS __________, avoid fatigue & increase productivity

A

Stimulant

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15
Q

Derivative of Shabu

A

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

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16
Q

Shabu (Metamphenamine):

Sympathomimetic

A

○ CNS stimulation
○ Hypertension
○ Arrhythmias
○ Seizures
○ Bruxism
○ Hyperthermia

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17
Q

Shabu (Metamphenamine):

Treatment

A

○ Ammonium chloride
○ Chlorpromazine/
Haloperidol,
Diazepam
○ Alpha blockers, Beta
blockers (labetalol &
carvedilol), Sodium
nitroprusside
○ Propranolol,
Lidocaine, Diazepam,
Phenytoin

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18
Q

ECSTASY iupac name

A

MDMA

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19
Q

MDMA/Ecstasy is a _______

A

Hallucinogen

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20
Q

Serve as false NT →
Releases catecholamines

A

MDMA/Ecstasy

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21
Q

Stimulates alpha & beta
receptors (similar to
amphetamine)

A

MDMA/Ecstasy

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22
Q

Inhibits MAO

A

MDMA/Ecstasy

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23
Q

Tx for MDMA/Ecstasy Toxicity includes

A

Labetalol, Sodium
nitroprusside, or
Nifedipine

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24
Q

Available as simple spot-test (kit)

A

Marquis Test

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25
Q

Allows distinction between
amphetamine and its
ring-substituted analogues

A

Marquis Test

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26
Q

Formaldehyde and conc.
H2SO4 mixture; methanol

A

Marquis Test

27
Q

T/F: (+) Color in Marquis Test is substance dependent

A

True

28
Q

Test for Secondary amines (2º) e.g.,
methamphetamine and
secondary ring-substituted
amphetamines, including
Ecstasy (MDMA) and Eve
(MDEA

A

Simon’s Test

29
Q

Must be supplemented by Marquis
as other 2º amines e.g.,
diethylamine and piperidine may
give similar colors

A

Simon’s Test

30
Q

What are the 2º amines that give similar colors in Simon’s test

A

diethylamine and piperidine

31
Q

Simon’s Test (+) color

A

Blue

32
Q

○ Ephedrine
○ Pseudoephedrine
○ Norephedrine
○ Phenylpropanolamine
○ Methcathinone

A

Chen’s Test

33
Q

Chen’s test is positive when

A

(+) Colored

34
Q

Test for Methylenedioxy-substituted
aromatic compounds and Precursors containing the
methylenedioxy-substructure

A

Gallic Acid Test

35
Q

Amphetamine is orange to brown at

A

Marquis (+)

36
Q

Amphetamine shows no reaction to

A

Simon’s and Chen’s

37
Q

Metamphetamine is Orange to Brown in

A

Marquis (+)

38
Q

Methamphetamine is (+) in

A

Simon’s test

39
Q

Methamphetamine shows no reaction in

A

Chen’s

40
Q

MDMA and MDEA in Marqui’s Test

A

Dark Blue/Black

41
Q

MDMA and MDEA in Simon’s

A

Positive

42
Q

MDMA in Chen’s

A

NR

43
Q

MDEA in Chen’s

A

Purple

44
Q

What test do Ephedrine,
Pseudoephedrine,
Norephedrine show reaction to

A

+ Chen’s (Yellow/orange)

45
Q

Cathinone and Methcaninone in Marquis and Simon’s

A

NR

46
Q

Mescaline (1º
amine) in Marquis’ Test

A

Strong orange

47
Q

LSD in Marquis Test

A

Olive black

48
Q

Morphine in Marquis

A

Deep purplish Red

49
Q

Cocaine in Marquis

A

NR

50
Q

Uses antibodies to detect the presence of specific drugs or metabolites

A

IMMUNOASSAY

51
Q

Large-scale screening through automation and
rapid detection

A

Y
● Most common met

52
Q

T/F: Immunoassay can give false positive results for same clas

A

True

53
Q

Standard for confirmatory testing

A

GCMS

54
Q

It is the most accurate, sensitive, and reliable method of
testing

A

GCMS

55
Q

If ingestion and patient presents
within 1 hour of ingestion

A

Gastric Lavage/Single-dose activated charcoal

56
Q

Gastric Lavage/Single-dose activated charcoal for infants < 1 year

A

10-25 g

57
Q

Gastric Lavage/Single-dose activated charcoal for infants to children 1-12 years

A

25-50g

58
Q

Gastric Lavage/Single-dose activated charcoal for children > 12 years and adults

A

25 to 100g

59
Q

For Agitation, anxiety and psychosis give

A

benzodiazepine

60
Q

for Psychosis unresponsive to
benzodiazepine:

A

antipsychotics (haloperidol)

61
Q

Pharmacologic Supportive Therapy for Hypertension

A

Benzodiazepines -> if unresponsive -> alpha-blocker, vasodilators, or
beta blockers

62
Q

Pharmacologic Supportive Therapy for Hyperthermia

A

Rapid crystalloid infusion

63
Q

Pharmacologic Supportive Therapy for Hypotension

A

Fluid Replacement

64
Q

Pharmacologic Supportive Therapy for Seizures

A

1st line: Benzodiazepines
Additional agents: propofol,
phenobarbital

Toxi Lab (6 decks)

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