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Toxi Lab > alcohol > Flashcards

alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

methanol when metabolized to __________ it could lead to blindness

A

formic acid

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2
Q

Alcohol is also known as Grain alcohol, Neutral spirit, Spiritus vini, ___________ , __________ , Dehydrated alcohol

A

Rectificatus, Jaysol

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3
Q

synthetic preparation of aclohol

A

ethene hydration

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4
Q

methods of preparing alcohol:

A

Ethene hydration and Carbohydrate fermentation

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5
Q

This method of preparation uses conc. sulfuric acid

A

Ethene hydration

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6
Q

This method of preparation uses zymase

A

Carbohydrate fermentation

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7
Q

99% OH

A

dehydrated

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8
Q

95% OH

A

Absolute

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9
Q

70% OH

A

rubbing

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10
Q

50% OH

A

Diluted

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11
Q

Contaminants present in Denatured alcohol

A

Methanol and Benzene

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12
Q

4-5%

A

Beer

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13
Q

10-14%

A

White/ Red wine

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14
Q

35-60%

A

Brandy

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15
Q

40-60%

A

Whiskey

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16
Q

37.5-80%

A

Rum

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17
Q

Fermentation product from: Malted barley

A

Beer

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18
Q

Fermentation product from: Fruit juice (grapes)

A

Wine

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19
Q

Fermentation product from: Wine spirit

A

Brandy

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20
Q

Fermentation product from: Malted grain

A

Whiskey

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21
Q

Fermentation product from: Molasses

A

Rum

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22
Q

T/F: the moa of toxicity of OH is All mucous membrane absorb alcohol very quickly and greater part is
consumed in body

A

True

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23
Q

Low Vd:

A

0.5 – 0.7 L

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24
Q

T/F: Hemodialysis is still possible for low vd

A

True

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25
Q

Lethal dose: ___________ mL pure ethanol (99%); ________ pint of whiskey

A

300-400; 1 ½ - 2

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26
Q

Major metabolic pathway of EtOH

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase

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27
Q

Metabolites involved in Alcohol dehydrogenase

A

Acetaldehyde
Acetic

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28
Q

Acetaldehyde Acute

A

Flushing, headache, tachycardia, N&V

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29
Q

Liver damage (free radical production)

A

Acetaldehyde Chronic

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30
Q

Minor pathway

A

Microsomal Ethanol Oxidase System (CYP2E1)

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31
Q

CNS Stimulation, Euphoria,
Boisterous
* Mild incoordination
* Coma
* Respiratory depression
* Pulmonary aspiration

A

Acute (Low dose)

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32
Q
  • CNS Depression * Hypoglycemia * Hypothermia * Acid-base abnormalities * Lactic acidosis * Fatty liver * Cardiomyopathy
A

Chronic (High dose)

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33
Q

Altered
mental status; Unsteady posture/ Gait;
Nystagmus; retinal hemorrhage

A

Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome

34
Q

Microencephaly, Intellectual growth
retardation, retarded psychomotor
development; “Precious moments dol

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

35
Q

Antidote for Wernicke

A

Vit B1 (Thiamine)

36
Q

Alcohol is considered category _____

A

X

37
Q

<50 mg/dL

A

CNS stimulation, Euphoria

38
Q

50-100 mg/dL

A

CNS depression (Sedation, Slow rxn times)

39
Q

100-200 mg/dL

A

Impaired motor function, slurred speech, ataxia

40
Q

200-300 mg/dL

A

Emesis, Stupor

41
Q

300-400 mg/dL

A

Coma

42
Q

> 400 mg/dL

A

Respiratory depression, Death

43
Q

Acute Alcoholism DI

A

Enzyme inhibitor

44
Q

Chronic Alcoholism DI

A

Enzyme inducer

45
Q
  • Alcohol + CNS depressant (1st gen antihistamines) → Sedation
A

Additive

46
Q
  • Alcohol + CCl4
A

Synergistic

47
Q

Cephalosporin/ Metronidazole + Alcohol → __________-like reaction

A

Disulfiram

48
Q

Alcohol + Dilsufiram may lead to death due to __________ increase

A

acetaldehyde

49
Q

Management of OH:

Gastric lavage with ________

A

warm water or sodium bicarbonate

50
Q

Management of OH:

induces vomiting

A

Ipecac syrup

51
Q

Management of OH:

demulcent

A

Mineral oil

52
Q

Management of OH:

– stimulant, physiologic antidote

A

Caffeine

53
Q

useful awakening agent

A
  • Methylphenidate
54
Q

respiration aide, as needed

A

Oxygen

55
Q

Intravenous fluids such as _________ solution for circulatory
collapse, dehydration and acidosis

A

NSS or Sodium lactate solution

56
Q

with hypoglycemia

A

Glucose

57
Q

– to prevent
Wernicke
-Korsakoff Syndrome or for acute
alcoholism

A

Thiamine or Vitamin B-complex

58
Q

Treatment for metabolic Acidosis

A

NaHCO3

59
Q

Corrects fluid & electrolyte imbalance/ acid-base disturbance

A
  • Hemodialysis
60
Q

Drain ascitic fluid in peritoneal
cavity

A
  • Paracentesis
61
Q

T/F: When managing Alcohol toxicity, you must keep the patient warm

A

True

62
Q

Alcohol DH inh * Orphan drug for MeOH and Ethylene
glycol poisoning

A

Fomepizole (Antizol®)

63
Q

Ald. dehydrogenase inh * Ensure abstinence in the tx of alcohol
dependence

A

Disulfiram (Antabuse®)

64
Q

Alcohol is Contraindicated to

A

Activated charcoal

65
Q

Uses Concentrated form of alcohol and produces pale blue flame and smokeless as positive results

A

Combustion test

66
Q

Serves as the catalyst and dehydrating agent in esterification/alcoholysis test

A

Conc. sulfuric acid

67
Q

Produces a fruity odor as positive result

A

esterification/alcoholysis test

68
Q

Utilized in alcohol breath test

A

Chromic acid/ Jones test

69
Q

princple of Chromic acid/ Jones test

A

REDOX

70
Q

(+) Color change form orange/red to
Blue/Green solution with chico odor

A

Chromic acid/ Jones test

71
Q

Differentiating test for 1, 2, and 3 alcohols

A

Lucas test

72
Q

Reactivity arrangement

A

3 > 2 > 1 > CH3OH

73
Q

Remedy for Lucas test

A

Heat

74
Q

Positive result for lucas test

A

2 immisicble layers

75
Q

Differentiating test for alcohols and phenols, produces violet for phenols

A

FeCl

76
Q

Rgt: I2 solution + NaOH/KOH
Test for methyl 2 alcohol and methyl ketones

A

Lieben’s iodoform

77
Q

Lieben’s iodoform form __________

A

Yellowiish white precipitate

78
Q

Rgt: KOH pellet; CS2
forms Red solution due to formation of potassium ethy xanthogenate

A

Vitali’s test

79
Q

1 drop of ___________ solution is applied to a strip of
glass-fibre filter paper

A

potassium
dichromate

80
Q

A color change from orange to _______
indicates presence of an alcohol in the
solution

A

green

Toxi Lab (6 decks)

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