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alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

methanol when metabolized to __________ it could lead to blindness

A

formic acid

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2
Q

Alcohol is also known as Grain alcohol, Neutral spirit, Spiritus vini, ___________ , __________ , Dehydrated alcohol

A

Rectificatus, Jaysol

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3
Q

synthetic preparation of aclohol

A

ethene hydration

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4
Q

methods of preparing alcohol:

A

Ethene hydration and Carbohydrate fermentation

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5
Q

This method of preparation uses conc. sulfuric acid

A

Ethene hydration

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6
Q

This method of preparation uses zymase

A

Carbohydrate fermentation

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7
Q

99% OH

A

dehydrated

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8
Q

95% OH

A

Absolute

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9
Q

70% OH

A

rubbing

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10
Q

50% OH

A

Diluted

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11
Q

Contaminants present in Denatured alcohol

A

Methanol and Benzene

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12
Q

4-5%

A

Beer

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13
Q

10-14%

A

White/ Red wine

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14
Q

35-60%

A

Brandy

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15
Q

40-60%

A

Whiskey

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16
Q

37.5-80%

A

Rum

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17
Q

Fermentation product from: Malted barley

A

Beer

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18
Q

Fermentation product from: Fruit juice (grapes)

A

Wine

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19
Q

Fermentation product from: Wine spirit

A

Brandy

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20
Q

Fermentation product from: Malted grain

A

Whiskey

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21
Q

Fermentation product from: Molasses

A

Rum

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22
Q

T/F: the moa of toxicity of OH is All mucous membrane absorb alcohol very quickly and greater part is
consumed in body

A

True

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23
Q

Low Vd:

A

0.5 – 0.7 L

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24
Q

T/F: Hemodialysis is still possible for low vd

A

True

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25
Lethal dose: ___________ mL pure ethanol (99%); ________ pint of whiskey
300-400; 1 ½ - 2
26
Major metabolic pathway of EtOH
Alcohol dehydrogenase
27
Metabolites involved in Alcohol dehydrogenase
Acetaldehyde Acetic
28
Acetaldehyde Acute
Flushing, headache, tachycardia, N&V
29
Liver damage (free radical production)
Acetaldehyde Chronic
30
Minor pathway
Microsomal Ethanol Oxidase System (CYP2E1)
31
CNS Stimulation, Euphoria, Boisterous * Mild incoordination * Coma * Respiratory depression * Pulmonary aspiration
Acute (Low dose)
32
* CNS Depression * Hypoglycemia * Hypothermia * Acid-base abnormalities * Lactic acidosis * Fatty liver * Cardiomyopathy
Chronic (High dose)
33
Altered mental status; Unsteady posture/ Gait; Nystagmus; retinal hemorrhage
Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome
34
Microencephaly, Intellectual growth retardation, retarded psychomotor development; “Precious moments dol
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
35
Antidote for Wernicke
Vit B1 (Thiamine)
36
Alcohol is considered category _____
X
37
<50 mg/dL
CNS stimulation, Euphoria
38
50-100 mg/dL
CNS depression (Sedation, Slow rxn times)
39
100-200 mg/dL
Impaired motor function, slurred speech, ataxia
40
200-300 mg/dL
Emesis, Stupor
41
300-400 mg/dL
Coma
42
>400 mg/dL
Respiratory depression, Death
43
Acute Alcoholism DI
Enzyme inhibitor
44
Chronic Alcoholism DI
Enzyme inducer
45
* Alcohol + CNS depressant (1st gen antihistamines) → Sedation
Additive
46
* Alcohol + CCl4
Synergistic
47
Cephalosporin/ Metronidazole + Alcohol → __________-like reaction
Disulfiram
48
Alcohol + Dilsufiram may lead to death due to __________ increase
acetaldehyde
49
Management of OH: Gastric lavage with ________
warm water or sodium bicarbonate
50
Management of OH: induces vomiting
Ipecac syrup
51
Management of OH: demulcent
Mineral oil
52
Management of OH: – stimulant, physiologic antidote
Caffeine
53
useful awakening agent
* Methylphenidate
54
respiration aide, as needed
Oxygen
55
Intravenous fluids such as _________ solution for circulatory collapse, dehydration and acidosis
NSS or Sodium lactate solution
56
with hypoglycemia
Glucose
57
– to prevent Wernicke -Korsakoff Syndrome or for acute alcoholism
Thiamine or Vitamin B-complex
58
Treatment for metabolic Acidosis
NaHCO3
59
Corrects fluid & electrolyte imbalance/ acid-base disturbance
* Hemodialysis
60
Drain ascitic fluid in peritoneal cavity
* Paracentesis
61
T/F: When managing Alcohol toxicity, you must keep the patient warm
True
62
Alcohol DH inh * Orphan drug for MeOH and Ethylene glycol poisoning
Fomepizole (Antizol®)
63
Ald. dehydrogenase inh * Ensure abstinence in the tx of alcohol dependence
Disulfiram (Antabuse®)
64
Alcohol is Contraindicated to
Activated charcoal
65
Uses Concentrated form of alcohol and produces pale blue flame and smokeless as positive results
Combustion test
66
Serves as the catalyst and dehydrating agent in esterification/alcoholysis test
Conc. sulfuric acid
67
Produces a fruity odor as positive result
esterification/alcoholysis test
68
Utilized in alcohol breath test
Chromic acid/ Jones test
69
princple of Chromic acid/ Jones test
REDOX
70
(+) Color change form orange/red to Blue/Green solution with chico odor
Chromic acid/ Jones test
71
Differentiating test for 1, 2, and 3 alcohols
Lucas test
72
Reactivity arrangement
3 > 2 > 1 > CH3OH
73
Remedy for Lucas test
Heat
74
Positive result for lucas test
2 immisicble layers
75
Differentiating test for alcohols and phenols, produces violet for phenols
FeCl
76
Rgt: I2 solution + NaOH/KOH Test for methyl 2 alcohol and methyl ketones
Lieben's iodoform
77
Lieben's iodoform form __________
Yellowiish white precipitate
78
Rgt: KOH pellet; CS2 forms Red solution due to formation of potassium ethy xanthogenate
Vitali's test
79
1 drop of ___________ solution is applied to a strip of glass-fibre filter paper
potassium dichromate
80
A color change from orange to _______ indicates presence of an alcohol in the solution
green

Toxi Lab (6 decks)

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