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Biology > Test : Ecology > Flashcards

Test : Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is binomial nomenclature?

A

a system of nomenclature in which each species of animal or plant receives a name of two terms of which the first identifies the genus to which it belongs and the second the species itself

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2
Q

What is a subspecies?

A

A taxonomic rank subordinate to species

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3
Q

What is Archaea?

A

The Archaea constitute a domain or kingdom of single-celled microorganisms. These microbes are prokaryotes, meaning that they have no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles in their cells

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4
Q

What is Eubacteria?

A

Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals.

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5
Q

What is Protista?

A

Single Cell; Can have Animal like cell walls and Plant like walls; Autotroph and Heterotroph; Can move in some cases

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6
Q

What is Animalia?

A

Multi Cellular; Has cell wall; Heterotroph; Can move

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7
Q

What is Cladistics?

A

A method of classification of animals and plants according to the proportion of measurable characteristics that they have in common. It is assumed that the higher the proportion of characteristics that two organisms share, the more recently they diverged from a common ancestor.

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8
Q

What is a phylogenetic diagram?

A

A phylogenetic diagram shows the evolution of organisms, linking them to common ancestors by how genetically similar they are

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9
Q

What is a Abiotic Factor?

A

all of the non-living things in an ecosystem

EXAMPLE: Plants and Animals

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10
Q

What is a Biotic Factor?

A

all of the living organisms within an ecosystem

EXAMPLE: Water, Climate, and Soil

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11
Q

What is a Producer-Autotroph?

A

An organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals

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12
Q

What is a Consumer-Heterotroph?

A

An organism that depends on complex organic substances for nutrition

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13
Q

What is a Secondary Consumer?

A

At the primary consumers

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14
Q

What is a Quaternary Consumer?

A

Carnivorous animals that eat tertiary consumers

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15
Q

What is a Decomposer?

A

An organism, especially a soil bacterium,

fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material.

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16
Q

What is a Biomass?

A

Organic matter used as a fuel, especially in a power station for the generation of electricity.

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17
Q

What is a Adaptation?

A

A change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment.

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18
Q

What is Acclimation?

A

Temporary adaptation to gradual changes in the natural habitat.

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19
Q

What is a Food Chain?

A

A hierarchical series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food

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20
Q

What is a Food Web?

A

A system of interlocking and interdependent food chains

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21
Q

What is a Niche?

A

All relationships that the organism (or population) has with its environment and with other organisms and populations in its environment.

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22
Q

What is Population Density?

A

A measurement of population per unit area or unit volume

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23
Q

What is Natality (Birth rate)?

A

Used to calculate the dynamics of a population; helps to determine whether a population is increasing, decreasing or staying the same in size.

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24
Q

What is Mortality (Death Rate)?

A

A measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time.

25
Q

What is Age Structure Diagrams?

A

The composition of a population in terms of the proportions of individuals of different ages; represented as a bar graph with younger ages at the bottom and males and females on either side

26
Q

What is Carrying Capacity?

A

The number or quantity of people or things that can be conveyed or held by a vehicle or container.

27
Q

What is Immigration?

A

It’s when a particular individual/organism permanently moves from one area to another thus affecting the new population it has entered

28
Q

What is Emigration?

A

Migration seen as an the exit of individuals from one region (to another where they will settle permanently or temporarily)

29
Q

What is Survivorship Curve (R and K Selection)?

A

r-selected species place an emphasis on a high growth rate, and, typically exploit less-crowded ecological niches, and produce many offspring, that have a low probability of surviving to adulthood // K-selected species display traits associated with living at densities close to carrying capacity, and typically are strong competitors in crowded niches that invest more heavily in fewer offspring, which has a relatively high probability of surviving to adulthood

30
Q

What is Fungi?

A

Multi-celled; Has cell wall - chitin; Heterotroph; Can not move

31
Q

What is Plantae?

A

Multi-celled; Has cell wall - Chloroplasts; Autotroph; Can not move

32
Q

What is Taxonomy?

A

The science of classifying living things

33
Q

What are the three Domains of life?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

34
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

Their genetic material goes commando with no nucleus to enclose it.

35
Q

What are the eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaebacteria.

36
Q

What four Kingdoms exist within the Domain Eukaryota?

A

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Anamalia

37
Q

What is ecology?

A

Study of interactions between organism and the living and nonliving components of their environment.

38
Q

What is a Biosphere?

A

The thin volume of earth and its atmosphere that supports life

39
Q

What is a Ecosystem?

A

Includes all of the organisms and the nonliving environment found in a particular place

40
Q

What is a Community?

A

All interacting organisms living in the same area

41
Q

What is a Population?

A

Includes all member of a species that live in one place at one time

42
Q

What is a conformer?

A

Conformers are organisms that do not regulate their internal conditions

43
Q

What are regulators?

A

Organisms that use energy to control some of their internal conditions

44
Q

What is a generalist?

A

Species with broad niches; they a tolerate a range of conditions and use a variety of sources

45
Q

What is a specialist?

A

Species that have narrow niches

46
Q

What is the mathematical model ecologists use to explain one aspect of ecosystems?

A

Net primary productivity = gross primary productivity - respiration rate of producers

47
Q

What makes up biology?

A

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, individual, population, community

48
Q

What makes up ecology?

A

individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

49
Q

What does a normal curve tell us?

A

Natural selection acts on extremes

50
Q

What does a skewed curve tell us?

A

Natural selection acts very extreme

51
Q

What does two bell curves tell us?

A

Could be two species of this could show a species diverging into two species

52
Q

What is succession?

A

the process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time

53
Q

What is Climax Community?

A

An ecological community that has reached the final stage of ecological succession

54
Q

What is Predation?

A

the preying of one animal on others

55
Q

What is Interspecific Competition - Niche Segregation?

A

the process by which competing species use the environment differently in a way that helps them to coexist

56
Q

What is Mutualism?

A

Both organisms benefit

57
Q

What is Parasitism?

A

One organism benefits and one organism is harmed

58
Q

What is Symbiosis?

A

Close long term relationship between two organisms

59
Q

What is Commensalism?

A

One organism benefitsvand one organism is not effected

Biology (5 decks)

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