Test : Biomolecules

Question 1

What are bodies made up of?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids

Question 2

Why do organisms take in energy?

Answer 2

To reproduce, to grow, and for repair

Question 3

What is ATP?

Answer 3

The gasoline of all living things; biological energy molecule

Question 4

What is the importance of water?

Answer 4

It makes up 65% of our bodies

Question 5

What does inorganic mean?

Answer 5

It doesn’t contain carbon

Question 6

What is organic chemistry?

Answer 6

Study of carbon compounds; All living things are composed of organic compounds

Question 7

What are the elements of life?

Answer 7

(C) Carbon, (H) Hydrogen, (O) Oxygen, (N) Nitrogen, (P) Phosphorus, and (S) Sulfur

Question 8

What is biochemistry?

Answer 8

Branch of organic chemistry that deals with living cells called Protoplasm

Question 9

What is protoplasm?

Answer 9

An enormously complex mixture of organic compounds where high levels of chemical activity occur

Question 10

What are polymers?

Answer 10

A giant unit of multiple monomers

Question 11

What are monomers?

Answer 11

A single unit

Question 12

What is organic compounds?

Answer 12

Composed of primarily a carbon skeleton

Question 13

What is a macromolecule?

Answer 13

Assembled of a different type of monomer

Question 14

How do monomers form polymers?

Answer 14

Dehydration synthesis

Question 15

What is dehydration synthesis?

Answer 15

A molecules of water is removed from two monomers as they are connected together

Question 16

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 16

The opposite of dehydration synthesis; a water molecule can be added (along with the use of an enzyme) to split a polymer in two

Question 17

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 17

Monomer: Saccaride (sugar); Provide energy/structural; made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen; Examples: Glucose (table sugar) (disaccharide), Starch/Cellulose (polysaccharide); Bond through dehydration synthesis and break apart through hydrolysis

Question 18

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 18

Monomers: Nucleotides (made from nitrogenous bases: Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine; Bond though hydrogen bonds; Contain instructions to build proteins (EX: DNA and RNA); Purines (A, G) and pyrimidines (T, C); Made up of a SUGAR (deoxyribose or ribose, PHOSPHATE, and a NITROGENOUS BASE

Question 19

What are proteins?

Answer 19

Monomers: Amino Acids; Peptide bonds through dehydration synthesis; Structural, preform chemical processes in the body; Examples: Insulin(chemical process) and Keratin(building block); DO-ERS OF THE CELL

Question 20

What are lipids?

Answer 20

Monomer: Fatty Acids; Molecules that consist of long hydrocarbon chains; Non-polar; Some are hormones; Saturated and Unsaturated; Phospholipids; CHEMICAL MESSENGERS, STORAGE OF ENERGY, AND STRUCTURAL (CELL MEMBRANE)

Question 21

What are enzymes?

Answer 21

A special protein that is designed to fit a specific substrate; They either bring molecules together of break them apart; SPEED UP REACTIONS

Question 22

What is the active site?

Answer 22

Where the substrate bonds to the enzyme

Question 23

What is a purine?

Answer 23

Adenine (2 bonding spots) and Guanine (3 bonding spots)

Question 24

What is a pyrimidine?

Answer 24

Thymine (2 bonding spots) and Cytosine (3 bonding sports)

Question 25

What is a Catalyst?

Answer 25

a substance that causes a reaction to speed up without being changed itself

Question 26

What is a Substrate?

Answer 26

the substance on which an enzyme acts

Question 27

What is Activation Energy?

Answer 27

the energy needed to destabalize reactants so that bonds will break and new bonds can form in a chemical reaction.

Question 28

What can change a enzyme and what is this called?

Answer 28

Temperature: alters protein shape when molecule expands and H bond force of attraction is overcome; pH: alters protein shape when H+ bond to protein where it shouldn’t OR charged parts are pulled off protein as they are attracted to H+; DENATURING

Question 29

What is Substrate Concentration?

Answer 29

Increased substrate concentration increases reaction rate until all enzymes are involved, then reaction rate levels out

Question 30

What is Enzyme Concentration?

Answer 30

Increased enzyme concentration increases reaction rate until all substrate is used up, then reaction rate decreases.

Question 31

What is a peptide bond?

Answer 31

forms between amino acids by dehydration synthesis; fold up in different ways creating essentially a ‘mess’ of a structure

Question 32

What is a saturated fat?

Answer 32

Dense, compact, sticky, and solid at room temperature

Question 33

What is a unsaturated fat?

Answer 33

Less dense, not sticky, bends, and liquid at room temperature

Question 34

What is the Protein Structure: Primary?

Answer 34

The amino acid sequence

Question 35

What is the Protein Structure: Secondary?

Answer 35

Helices and Sheets

Question 36

What is the Protein Structure: Tertiary?

Answer 36

Disulfide bridges

Question 37

What is the Protein Structure: Quaternary?

Answer 37

Multiple polypeptides connect

Question 38

What is Carbon?

Answer 38

Has four valence electrons/Allows four bonding spaces; Non-metal; Bonds covalently

Question 39

What does non-polar mean?

Answer 39

Molecules that are the same on both sides; Example: oil

Question 40

What does polar mean?

Answer 40

having partial positive and partial negative charges) from polar bonds arranged asymmetrically; Example: water

Question 41

What are acids?

Answer 41

Contains an excess of hydrogen ions(+ charge); Tastes sour; Dissolves metals; pH less than 7

Question 42

What are bases?

Answer 42

Sometimes called Alkaline; Contains and excess of hydroxide ions (- charge); Feels slippery; Taste bitter; pH is greater than 7