test drugs present in the body fluids Flashcards
1
Q
types of body fluid
A
- Blood
- Urine
- Oral fluid
- Hair
- Sweat
- Breast milk
- Semen
- Nails
2
Q
specimen selection
A
- Different stage of drugs found in different specimen (parent drugs are mainly found in oral fluid, sweat. Polar metabolites are found in urine)
- Collection (how easy to collect the sample)
- Handling (does it need special conditions to handle it)
- Stability (is the drug stable in the body fluid)
- Transport
- Potential exposure to or transmitting of infectious agent (self protection)
3
Q
blood specimens advantages
A
- Give most correlation between drug level and dosing
- More commonly used for clinical and emergency toxicology
4
Q
blood specimens disadvantages
A
- Invasive
- Clinical environments required for collection
- Blood drug is low and short lived
- Analysis require pre separation therefore time consuming and expensive
5
Q
urine specimens advantages
A
- Easy to collect
- Not invasive
- Large specimen volume (able to separate to two part)
- High drug concentration
- Specimen stable
- Less infectious risk
6
Q
urine specimens disadvantages
A
- Collection control (adulteration and substitution)
- Specimen dilution
- More difficult to correlate urine drug/ metabolite with likely dosing
7
Q
urine specimen analysis
A
- Wide variety of immunoassay available
- High concentration of drug or metabolites resulting in available of non-instrumental tests
8
Q
oral fluid specimens
A
- Oral fluid collected contains saliva and other things but it is commonly refer to as saliva
- Useful for wide variety analytes (steroids, hormones, enzymes, antibodies, therapeutic and abuse drugs)
- Easy to collect under different conditions (no concerns about privacy and gender) with minimal chance of tempering the samples
- Can be tested on site
9
Q
oral fluid issues
A
- Small specimen volume
- Dateable period shorter compare to other specimen and insensitive to some drug (cannabis)
