chemistry and drugs

Question 1

common functional groups

Answer 1

• Alcohol
• Phenol
• Aromatic benzene
• Alkene
• Primary aliphatic amine
• Secondary aliphatic amine
• Aromatic amine- attached to aromatic ring
• Ether- -o- (oxygen linked to 2 carbons) (alcohol is more polar because more way of forming hydrogen bonds)
• Ester- o=c-o
• Amide- amine and double bond O
• Carboxylic acid
• Cyclohexane ring
• Cyclopentane ring
• Pyridine ring

Question 2

solvents by polarity

Answer 2

polar solvents
intermediate polarity solvents
non polar solvents

Question 3

polar solvents

Answer 3

o H2O
o Methanol
o Ethanol
Bigger than ethanol isn’t polar because the alkyl chain is to bigger the OH group isn’t significant enough.

Question 4

intermediate polarity solvents- - less polar than the top polar solvents

Answer 4

o	Ethyl acetate
o	Diethyl ether (ether)
o	Dichloromethane (DCM)
o	Acetone
o	Acetonitrile
o	Triethylamine
o	Ethyl acetate
o	Diethyl ether (ether)
o	Dichloromethane (DCM)
o	Acetone
o	Acetonitrile
o	Triethylamine

Question 5

non polar solvents- hydrocarbons

Answer 5

o Hexane

o Petroleum ether (isn’t actually an ether it’s a hydrocarbon)

Question 6

organic solvents and water

Answer 6

•	Most organic solvents are not miscible with water and lighter than water
o	Ethyl acetate
o	Diethyl ether (ether)
o	Dichloromethane (DCM) (heavier than water)
o	Hexane
o	Petroleum ether
•	Some solvents are miscible with water
o	Methanol
o	Ethanol
o	Acetone
o	Acetonitrile

Question 7

normal phase TLC

Answer 7

o Stationary phase is more polar than mobile phase
o Less polar molecule move faster (higher Rf value)
o If Rf value is too high needs to reduce the mobile phase’s polarity
o If Rf value is too low needs to increase the mobile phase’s polarity

Question 8

reverse phase HPLC

Answer 8

o Stationary phase is less polar than mobile phase

o More polar molecule move faster (shorter retention time )

Question 9

metabolism of stable drug versus less stable drug

Answer 9

• Chemistry fact
o amides is more stable than esters
• Lidocaine versus procaine
o Main difference: amide versus ester
o Deactivation: metabolic hydrolysis of both groups
o Less stable drug shorter action time (metabolised faster)
o More stable drug longer action time