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Anatomy > Test Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Test Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Three types of muscles

A

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

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2
Q

Structural differences between cardiac and skeletal muscles

A

Cardiac has circulated discs and one nucleus, skeletal has no circulated discs and multiple nucleus

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3
Q

Muscle prefixes

A

Myo, Mys, sarco

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4
Q

What are the two myofilaments

A

Actin and myosin

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5
Q

What’s the thin filament

A

Actin

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6
Q

What’s the thick myofiliments

A

Myosin

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7
Q

What does it mean when a muscle becomes repolarized

A

Restoration of resting conditions (relaxing)

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8
Q

What molecule blocks the active site on actin when a muscle relaxed

A

Tropomyosin

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9
Q

Explain why energy is needed to repolarize a muscle

A

Getting calcium pumped back into the SR for us to relax

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10
Q

What’s ATP

A

directed mechanical energy, usable energy

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11
Q

All muscles share what 4 characteristics

A

Excitability, contractility, elasticity, extensibility

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12
Q

What’s insertion

A

What’s moving

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13
Q

What’s origin

A

What’s moving it

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14
Q

Sheaths from big to small

A

Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

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15
Q

What’s endomysium

A

Fine areolar connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber

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16
Q

What’s the A band

A

Dark regions (contains the H-zone)

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17
Q

What’s the H zone

A

Lighter region in middle of the dark A band

18
Q

What’s the M line

A

A line of protein that bisects H zone vertically

19
Q

What’s the I band

A

Lighter regions

20
Q

What’s the Z discs

A

Coin shaped sheet of proteins on midline of light I band

21
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Stores and releases calcium

22
Q

Four steps for a muscle to contract

A

Nerve stimulation, actin potential, propagated along sarcolemma, calcium must rise briefly

23
Q

Synaptic vesicles

A

Synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters acetylcholine (ACh)

24
Q

What is the neuromuscular junction

A

Where the neuron and muscle meet

25
Q

What diffuses into a muscle fiber during the end plate potential

A

Na (sodium)

26
Q

What blocks actin

A

Tropomyosin

27
Q

What’s a motor unit

A

The nerve muscle functional unit

28
Q

What are the 4 steps of the cross bridge cycle

A

Cross bridge formation, working power stroke, cross bridge detachment, cocking of myosin head

29
Q

What’s a isomeric contraction

A

When the muscle is keeping still, muscle tension increases but does not extend the load

30
Q

What’s a isotonic contraction

A

Muscle shortens because muscle tension exceeds load (moving)

31
Q

What’s muscle tone

A

Constant slightly contracted state of all muscles

32
Q

What causes muscle fatigue

A

Levels of potassium, Ca and P interfere with E-C coupling, lots of exercise interferes with Ca regulation, damages SR

33
Q

What helps a muscle recover

A

ATP and creatine phosphate reserved are resynthesizes

34
Q

How are muscle fiber type classified

A

Speed of contraction and metabolic pathways

35
Q

What’s oxidative fibers

A

Uses aerobic pathways (oxygen)

36
Q

What’s glycolytic fibers

A

Uses anaerobic glycolysis (no oxygen)

37
Q

What’s slow oxidative fibers job

A

Low intensity, endurance, like sitting uo

38
Q

What’s fast oxidative fibers job

A

Medium intensity (swimming, sprinting)

39
Q

What’s fast glycolytic fibers

A

Short intense powerful movements (hitting a baseball)

40
Q

What’s disuse atrophy

A

Where muscle goes down 5% a day

41
Q

What are the three types of connective tissue and what do they cover

A

Epimysium- surrounds entire muscle
Perimysium- surrounds fascicles
Endomysium- surrounds each muscle fiber

Anatomy (11 decks)

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