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Anatomy > Chapter 6- Skeletal system > Flashcards

Chapter 6- Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

In ribs, joints, nose, and larynx (provides support and flexibility)

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2
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

External ear and epiglottis (contains elastic fibers)

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3
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Menisic of knee and vertebral discs (thick collagen fibers)

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4
Q

The seven functions of bones

A

Supports, Protection, Movement, Mineral and Growth factor, Blood cell formation, Fat storage, Hormone production

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5
Q

How many bones in skeleton

A

206 named bones

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6
Q

2 groups of skeleton

A

Axial (middle) and Appendicular (arms and legs)

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7
Q

4 Category of Bones

A

Long bones, Short bones, Irregular bones, Flat bones

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8
Q

Whats the mendullary cavity

A

Middle part of long bone

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9
Q

Compact Bone

A

Sense outer layer that appears smooth and solid

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10
Q

Spongy bone

A

made up of small needle like pieces of bone called Trabecule

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11
Q

What do Long bones contain

A

Diaphysis, epiphyses (growth plate) and membranes

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12
Q

Types of Membranes

A

Periosteum (anchors for tendons and ligaments)
Endosteum (inside, connective tissue covering bone surface)

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13
Q

Osteoblasts, Osteocytes and Osteoclasts are all

A

cells

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14
Q

Bone forms by replacing

A

Hylanine Cartilage

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15
Q

osteogenesis

A

beginning of bones

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16
Q

Bone Resorption

A

New bone matrix is deposited by osteoblasts, resorption is function of osteoclasts

17
Q

Diaphysis vs epiphysis

A

Diaphysis-shaft that forms long axis of bone
epiphyses-ends of long bone that has compact bone and spongy bone

18
Q

What is inside the medullary cavity

A

Contains bone marrow & is the hollow part of bone

19
Q

How does medullary cavities differ in adults & children

A

In children it contains red marrow

20
Q

What is an osteon

A

Haverisan system, the structural unit of compact bone

21
Q

Haversian vs Volkmann canals

A

Haversian-central canals contains blood vessels & nerves
Volkmann-contains blood and nerve supply

22
Q

Function of canaliculi

A

Capillaries grow into hematoma

23
Q

Osteoblast

A

Bone forming cells

24
Q

Ostocytes

A

Mature bone cell

25
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix

26
Q

Lamellae

A

Weight-barring, column- like matrix tubes compos mainly of collagen

27
Q

Parathyroid hormone on bone homeostasis

A

It’s produced by Parathyroid glands in response to low blood calcium levels

28
Q

Function of calcitonin on bone homeostasis

A

Produced by thyroid glands in response to high levels of blood calcium

29
Q

Closed vs open reductions

A

Open (compound)-skin is penetrated
Closed (simple)-skin is not penetrated

30
Q

Stages of healing bone fracture

A

Reduction the realignment of broken bone ends. Time needed for repair depends on severity & age

31
Q

Ostomalacia

A

Bones are poorly mineralized & weak

32
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Bone resorption exceeds deposit affects 30% of women ages 60-70 & 70% by age 80 & estrogen plays a role

33
Q

Wolfs law

A

States that bone grows are remodels in response to demands placed on them

34
Q

Non-displaced vs displaced

A

Non-displaced - ends retain normal position
Displaced - ends are out of normal alignment (ie. ligaments & tendons)

35
Q

Complete vs incomplete break

A

Complete - broken all the way through
Incomplete - not broken all the way through

36
Q

Greenstick

A

Bone breaks incompletely, only one side of the shaft breaks & the other side bends. Common in children’s bones

37
Q

Hemotoma Formation

A

It’s torn blood vessels forming blood clot is painful inflamed & swollen & has a little bump

38
Q

Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation

A

Fibroblast secrete collagen fibers

39
Q

Pagetic bone

A

Excessive & haphazard bone deposit and causes bone to be made fast & poorly occurs in spine, pelvis, femur and skull

Anatomy (11 decks)

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