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Bio 141 > Test Block 1 > Flashcards

Test Block 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Homeostasis

A

Body’s ability to maintain a constant environment

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2
Q

Feedback loops

A

Series of reactions

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3
Q

Negative Feedback

A

Negate or reverse the action

ex. change the temperature of a thermostat

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4
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Initial change leads to a greater change

ex. size of the birth canal during delivery

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5
Q

Atoms

A

subatomic particles

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6
Q

atomic #

A

of protons

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7
Q

Ion

A

Atoms that have uneven protons and electrons

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8
Q

Cation

A

positive

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9
Q

Anion

A

negative

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10
Q

NaCl

A

Ionic bond to make salt

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11
Q

Covalent

A

share molecules

ex. H20

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12
Q

Molecule

A

multiple atoms

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13
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A

between polar molecules that contain hydrogen

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14
Q

Organic

A

contains carbon

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15
Q

Monomer

A

Single unit

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16
Q

polymer

A

repeating units

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17
Q

Carb

A

immediate energy

glucose to glycogen

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18
Q

Lipids

A 
phospholipids 
fatty acids, phosphate and glycerol
Head- polar
Tails-non polar
Triglycerides- energy storage and insulation
3 fatty acid chains
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19
Q

Steroids

A

can go through the membrane

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20
Q

Saturated fat

A

all single bonds (unhealthy)

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21
Q

unsaturated fat

A

contain single, double, and triple bonds

omega fatty acids (essential)

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22
Q

Proteins

A

polymers of amino acids

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23
Q

Primary structure of proteins

A

sequence of amino acids

folds to make final protein shape

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24
Q

enzymes

A

important for physiological processes

control many reactions that help with homeostasis

25
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

heredity and protein synthesis

ATGC

26
Q

ATP

A

energy transfer in the body

Hydrolysis

27
Q

Gene Expression

A

proteins made from DNA

28
Q

Transcription

A

working cop of the gene (RNA)

29
Q

Translation

A

nucleotides go into amino acids

30
Q

Process all together

A 
DNA
Transcription
RNA
Translation
Protein
31
Q

molecules that can go into the membrane

A

non-polar

small-polar

32
Q

Passive Transport

A

doesn’t require energy
high to low concentration
down a gradient

33
Q

Active Transport

A

Require energy
low to high concentration
involves pumps

34
Q

Carrier mediated

A

protein binds to molecule moving

35
Q

simple diffusion

A

travel through membrane

small, non polar

36
Q

channel mediated

A

create a pore or channel through membrane
specific molecules can now diffuse
Leak- open all the time
Gated- open at specific times

37
Q

Nervous system

A

nervous tissue with neurotransmitters

38
Q

Endocrine system

A

secretes hormones

39
Q

Current

A

flow of charged molecules

requires voltage potential

40
Q

neurons

A

excitability

41
Q

cell body

A

nucleus

42
Q

dendrite

A

short extensions of the body

receive signals

43
Q

axon

A

myelinated to improve conductivity

44
Q

synapse

A

communication between neurons and a tissue

45
Q

electrochemical gradient

A

Na+ and K+ molecules

46
Q

Chemical gradient

A

uneven distribution of molecules

47
Q

Electrical gradient

A

uneven distribution of charge

48
Q

Resting Membrane Potential

A

-70mV

49
Q

Extra Cellular Fluid

A

high Na+, low K+

50
Q

Intracellular Fluid

A

low Na+, high K+

51
Q

of atoms in and out

A

3 sodium out

2 potassium in

52
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and spinal cord enclosed in body coverings

Where interneurons are located

53
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Ganglions and nerves

54
Q

Multipolar

A

interneurons

motor neurons

55
Q

Bipolar

A

Special senses

56
Q

Unipolar

A

sensory information

57
Q

Afferent (sensory) neurons

A

PNS to CNS

detect stimuli

58
Q

Efferent (motor) neurons

A

CNS to effectors

muscles, organs, glands

59
Q

Refractory Period

A

when neuron can’t fire another action potential

strong local potential needed to overcome the Refractory Period

Bio 141 (3 decks)

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