Test Block 1

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

Body’s ability to maintain a constant environment

Question 2

Feedback loops

Answer 2

Series of reactions

Question 3

Negative Feedback

Answer 3

Negate or reverse the action

ex. change the temperature of a thermostat

Question 4

Positive Feedback

Answer 4

Initial change leads to a greater change

ex. size of the birth canal during delivery

Question 5

Atoms

Answer 5

subatomic particles

Question 6

atomic #

Answer 6

of protons

Question 7

Ion

Answer 7

Atoms that have uneven protons and electrons

Question 8

Cation

Answer 8

positive

Question 9

Anion

Answer 9

negative

Question 10

NaCl

Answer 10

Ionic bond to make salt

Question 11

Covalent

Answer 11

share molecules

ex. H20

Question 12

Molecule

Answer 12

multiple atoms

Question 13

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 13

between polar molecules that contain hydrogen

Question 14

Organic

Answer 14

contains carbon

Question 15

Monomer

Answer 15

Single unit

Question 16

polymer

Answer 16

repeating units

Question 17

Carb

Answer 17

immediate energy

glucose to glycogen

Question 18

Lipids

Answer 18

phospholipids 
fatty acids, phosphate and glycerol
Head- polar
Tails-non polar
Triglycerides- energy storage and insulation
3 fatty acid chains

Question 19

Steroids

Answer 19

can go through the membrane

Question 20

Saturated fat

Answer 20

all single bonds (unhealthy)

Question 21

unsaturated fat

Answer 21

contain single, double, and triple bonds

omega fatty acids (essential)

Question 22

Proteins

Answer 22

polymers of amino acids

Question 23

Primary structure of proteins

Answer 23

sequence of amino acids

folds to make final protein shape

Question 24

enzymes

Answer 24

important for physiological processes

control many reactions that help with homeostasis

Question 25

Nucleic Acids

Answer 25

heredity and protein synthesis | ATGC

Question 26

ATP

Answer 26

energy transfer in the body | Hydrolysis

Question 27

Gene Expression

Answer 27

proteins made from DNA

Question 28

Transcription

Answer 28

working cop of the gene (RNA)

Question 29

Translation

Answer 29

nucleotides go into amino acids

Question 30

Process all together

Answer 30

``` DNA Transcription RNA Translation Protein ```

Question 31

molecules that can go into the membrane

Answer 31

non-polar | small-polar

Question 32

Passive Transport

Answer 32

doesn't require energy high to low concentration down a gradient

Question 33

Active Transport

Answer 33

Require energy low to high concentration involves pumps

Question 34

Carrier mediated

Answer 34

protein binds to molecule moving

Question 35

simple diffusion

Answer 35

travel through membrane | small, non polar

Question 36

channel mediated

Answer 36

create a pore or channel through membrane specific molecules can now diffuse Leak- open all the time Gated- open at specific times

Question 37

Nervous system

Answer 37

nervous tissue with neurotransmitters

Question 38

Endocrine system

Answer 38

secretes hormones

Question 39

Current

Answer 39

flow of charged molecules | requires voltage potential

Question 40

neurons

Answer 40

excitability

Question 41

cell body

Answer 41

nucleus

Question 42

dendrite

Answer 42

short extensions of the body | receive signals

Question 43

axon

Answer 43

myelinated to improve conductivity

Question 44

synapse

Answer 44

communication between neurons and a tissue

Question 45

electrochemical gradient

Answer 45

Na+ and K+ molecules

Question 46

Chemical gradient

Answer 46

uneven distribution of molecules

Question 47

Electrical gradient

Answer 47

uneven distribution of charge

Question 48

Resting Membrane Potential

Answer 48

-70mV

Question 49

Extra Cellular Fluid

Answer 49

high Na+, low K+

Question 50

Intracellular Fluid

Answer 50

low Na+, high K+

Question 51

of atoms in and out

Answer 51

3 sodium out | 2 potassium in

Question 52

Central Nervous System

Answer 52

Brain and spinal cord enclosed in body coverings | Where interneurons are located

Question 53

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 53

Ganglions and nerves

Question 54

Multipolar

Answer 54

interneurons | motor neurons

Question 55

Bipolar

Answer 55

Special senses

Question 56

Unipolar

Answer 56

sensory information

Question 57

Afferent (sensory) neurons

Answer 57

PNS to CNS | detect stimuli

Question 58

Efferent (motor) neurons

Answer 58

CNS to effectors | muscles, organs, glands

Question 59

Refractory Period

Answer 59

when neuron can't fire another action potential | strong local potential needed to overcome the Refractory Period