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Honors Chem > Test and Quiz week of Nov-14 > Flashcards

Test and Quiz week of Nov-14 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the THREE (3) Different Types of CHEMICAL BONDS

A

Ionic, Covalent (two sub-types), Metallic. I-C-M

(Not necessarily in that order). The answer “Metallic, Ionic, Covalent” is exactly correct also

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2
Q

What IS a CHEMICAL BOND (Ms. Clarke definition)

A

“The glue that holds atoms together”

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3
Q

What are the two types of COVALENT BONDS?

A

Polar, Non-Polar

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4
Q

What is a COMPOUND?

A

A substance, made of TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS, that are STUCK TOGETHER

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5
Q

What is a VALENCE ELECTRON?

A

an electron of an atom, located in the outermost shell (valence shell ) of the atom, that can be transferred to or shared with another atom.

VALUE = MONEY
VALENCE
one person (atom) TRANSFER or SHARES his MONEY (electron) with another person (atom).

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6
Q

What is an “easy way” to think about CHEMICAL BONDS ?

A

FRIENDSHIPS or RELATIONSHIPS between people who are in this case, ATOMS.

Each relationship has a name. Similar, to “Co-Worker, Best Friend, Neighbor.”

Similar to atoms, each type of relationship dictates what kind of activity occurs between the people. Going to lunch, sleepover, loaning money.

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7
Q

What are some characteristics of IONIC BONDS aka IONIC FRIENDSHIP

A

Electrons are TRANSFERRED or STOLEN (think “money”) between a metal and a non-metal

Electro-negativity of 1.7 or more

KEY CONCEPT !!!! BETWEEN METAL and a NON-METAL !!!!!

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8
Q

What are ELECTRONS?

What is an easy way to think about ELECTRONS?

A

Electrons are negatively charged particles found in ALL Atoms.

For the purpose of this test review, ELECTRONS are MONEY. Atoms are people. In this case, ALL ATOMS have money, of different amounts or degrees.

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9
Q

What are CATIONS ?

A

Cations are ions that are positively charged.

The CAT’S hair was positively standing up.
The CAT has PAWS
PAW-sitively charged

The letter t looks like a positive sign.

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10
Q

What are ANIONS?

A

Anions are ions that are negatively charged.

The letter A has a small minus sign inside the triangle

A-NEGATIVE-ION

ANION

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11
Q

What is COULOMBS LAW?

A

force of attraction or repulsion between two charged bodies is directly proportional to the product of their charges

Easy answer: “Opposites Attract”

+ and - attract.

CATIONS and ANIONS ATTRACT.

Possible test question:

T/F: CATIONS and ANIONS do not attract each other. (FALSE)

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12
Q

What CAUSES an IONIC BOND to happen?

A

When Coulombs Law is in effect: two opposites attract

This creates a very strong bond.

INCREDIBLY STRONG
I=IONIC

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13
Q

What kind of bond is COULOMBS LAW associated with ?

A

IONIC BOND

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14
Q

What is ELECTRONEGATIVITY?

A

A measure of an atom’s ability to attract electrons

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15
Q

What are some METALS mentioned in Ms. Clarke’s youtube video?

A

Lithium, Calcium

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16
Q

What are some NON-METALS mentioned in Ms. Clarke’s youtube video?

A

Chloride, Floride

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17
Q

What is a COVALENT BOND

A
  1. A bond in which electrons are SHARED

CO-VALENT
“CO-worker”
“CO-Ed dorm”

  1. Forms between Two NON-METALS
  2. Forms because of Electrostatic Forces
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18
Q

If you see a test question asking “What kind of bond is formed between TWO NON-METALS” what is the answer?

A

“BETWEEN TWO” = Shared

NON-METALS

COVALENT BOND

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19
Q

What determines the difference between POLAR and NON-POLAR COVALENT BONDS ?

A

How they share electrons.

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20
Q

What are some characteristics of POLAR COVALENT BONDS ?

A

POLAR COVALENT: UNEQUAL SHARING of electrons. The POLAR BEARS did not equally share the meal

One element is STRONGER than the other. The Big POLAR BEAR did not share equally the food with the Small POLAR BEAR.

Electronegativity difference will range from 0.4 to 1.7

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21
Q

In Ms Clarke’s youtube, what example does she use for a POLAR COVALENT BOND?

A

Water and ammonia

H20, NH3

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22
Q

What is a NON-POLAR COVALENT BOND ?

A

No poles, no attraction

EQUAL SHARING

Electro-Negativity range of 0.0 and 0.4

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23
Q

What is the MOST COMMON Non-Polar Covalent compounds?

A

Diatomic Molecules

Electronegativity difference of 0 (Zero)

24
Q

What is an example in Ms. Clarke’s youtube of a Non-Polar Covalent bond

A

Carbon Dioxide + Carbon and Hydrogen

25
Q

What is an example in Ms. Clarke’s youtube of a Diatomic molecule?

A

I2

2 = two of the same elements bonded together

26
Q

What is a METALLIC BOND?

A

metallic bonding is a type of chemical bonding between two or more metal atoms

Note: technically not a true chemical bond

27
Q

What are some characteristics of METALLIC BONDS

A

Between metals

Electrons are delocalized. “They float around”. This is why metal can be molded and bent into different shapes, and are good for conducting electricity and heat.

Note: ALL METALS are CATIONS “CAT-IONS”

All cats have METAL BELLS on their collar

28
Q

What type of bond is the STRONGEST of the bonds?

A

IONIC

29
Q

What is the OCTET RULE

A

Atoms prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell.

OCT = OCTOPUS. Eight legs

30
Q

What is the”Carbon Rule” that Ms Clark talks about on her videos?

A

CARBON, if available, will ALWAYS be the CENTRAL ATOM.

31
Q

A Bond that forms ALLOYS is known as a __________ Bond

A

METALLIC BOND

32
Q

A bond with LOW melting points is a _________ Bond

A

COVALENT BOND

LOW rhymes with CO

33
Q

Bonds with HIGH melting points are:

A

Ionic and Metallic bonds

METAL is hard to MELT

IONic bonds are STRONG and also HARD to Melt

34
Q

Type of bond in which the compounds may be a solid, liquid, or gas and that is usually soft.

A

COVALENT bond.

35
Q

Type of bond that will conduct electricity only when it is an aqueous solution.

A

Ionic Bond

36
Q

What is VSEPR Theory

A

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion

Electrons that are BOTH negative or BOTH positive “hate” each other and avoid each other.

37
Q

What is an electron pair or electron group?

What are the TWO TYPES of electron groups?

A

Two electrons that make one bond

Types:

  1. Within the Bond
  2. Lone Pair
38
Q

What does TRIGONAL PLANAR mean ?

A

3 Electron groups on a central atom

TRI = THREE

One example would be

BORON TRICHLORIDE

BCl3

39
Q

What is a TETRAHEDRAL structure?

A

4 Electron groups on a central atom

40
Q

What is a very common “Bent Shape” compound ?

A

H2O , Water

The Lazy River had a BENT shape to it.

H20 WaterPark has a BENT WATER slide

41
Q

What is the difference between INTERmolecular forces and INTRAmolecular forces ?

A

INTERmolecular = Intermolecular forces are forces that exist BETWEEN molecules. Example: Hydrogen Bonds.

Put HYDROGEN INTO the balloon. INTO / INTER

INTRAmolecular = INTRAMURAL LEAGUE. forces that hold atoms together WITHIN a molecule.
Example: Covalent, Ionic, Metallic bonds

42
Q

Characteristics of an IONIC SOLID

A

-very high melting points
-brittleness
-poor conductors in the solid state.

An example of an ionic solid is table salt

43
Q

Characteristics of a COVALENT SOLID

** “SOLID” not BOND. Two different concepts.

COVALENT SOLID —->

A

-High Melting Point
-Hard
-Nonconducting

COVALENT SOLID = COUNTERTOPS in your house

Tolerates hot pans, hard, does NOT conduct electricity.

Example: Diamond, Quartz (countertops, etc)

44
Q

Characteristics of a METALLIC SOLID

A

-Variable Hardness
-Variable Melting Point (depending upon strength of metallic bonding), Conducts electricity

Example: Copper, Magnesium

45
Q

Characteristics of MOLECULAR SOLID

A

-low melting points
-Dissolve easily
-typically have NO METAL inside them

Examples: Water, Sugar, Sulfur

46
Q

Two types of molecules bonds are ALWAYS Non-Polar Bonds:

A
  1. Diatomic Molecule bond
  2. Carbon-Hydrogen bond
47
Q

ALL Polar bonds are those bonds that are NON- ___________ bonds

A

….that are NON-polar bonds, which are Diatomic molecule bonds, and carbon/hydrogen bonds

** confusing card, please study this on your own. I am not the student

48
Q

SYMMETRICAL BOND shapes for Chemistry class purposes are:

A

Linear
Trigonal Planar
Tetrahedral

“Symmetrical” can be thought of as EQUAL forces pulling on the center.

SYMM = SAME (Equal force)

“No lone pairs on the central Atom” KEY CONCEPT !!! Ms. Clarke hot topic concept

49
Q

What are the characteristics of a NON-POLAR molecule?

A

Symmetrical shape with Same element bonded all around the central molecule

50
Q

What are the characteristics of a POLAR molecule?

A

Symmetrical shape with DIFFERENT elements bonded all around the central molecule

51
Q

What are the ASYMMETRICAL Shapes ?

A

-Bent
-Trigonal Pyramidal

52
Q

Yes/No: Can MOLECULES with Polar BONDS be NON-Polar molecules ?

A

YES ! Ms Clarke says this a lot. Possible test question

53
Q

What bond has an Electronegativity difference will range from 0.4 to 1.7

A

POLAR COVALENT

54
Q

What bond has an ElectroNegativity range of 0.0 and 0.4

A

NON-POLAR COVALENT

55
Q

DIATOMIC MOLECULES have an Electronegativity difference of ___________ ?

A

ZERO / 0

The DIABLO / DEVIL has all zeros in his heart.

56
Q

A list of DIATOMIC MOLECULES is:

A

Iodine, Bromine, Chlorine, Flourine, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen

I Bring Clay For Our New House

57
Q

CHEMICAL BOND GRAPHIC

A

Honors Chem (6 decks)

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