Test and Measures for the Lower Extremity

Question 1

Explain Limb length equality test.

Answer 1

These tests are not exact measurements of leg length, but rather detect an significant asymmetries. It is important to note that the leg length discrepancy may be caused by asymmetrical joint movement at the hip/ankle/foot or a true difference in bone length in the femur/tibia

Question 2

Explain rearfoot to Leg Angle

Answer 2

This measure can be an indicator of weight bearing subtalar position. Movement of the rearfoot into eversion during a weight shift onto the extremity being assessed is indicative of subtalar pronation.

Question 3

Explain Navicular Drop Test

Answer 3

The navicular drop test is a method to assess the degree to which the talus plantar flexed in space on a calcaneus that has been stabilized by the ground, during subtalar joint pronation!

Question 4

Explain the Feiss Line Test

Answer 4

The feiss line test is used to assess the height of medial arch

Question 5

Explain the subtalar Neutral test

Answer 5

The neutral subtalar position is calculates based on a normal 2-1 ratio of inversion to eversion. Finding this position allows one to assess the alignment of other structures in the lower extremity in relation to the foot in subtalar neutral.

Question 6

Craig’s Test

Answer 6

This is a test to assess femoral retro/antiversion. IF the hip is in greater than 8-15 degrees on internal rotation when the greater trochanter is in the most lateral position the femur is considered to be in excessive anteversion

Question 7

Tibial Torsion Test

Answer 7

Normally, there is a 12-18 degree torsion angle from the frontal plane. Excessive internal rotation of the tibia produces an increase in rigidity to the subtalar joint sue to premature stabilization of the longitudinal arch, as well as the first MTP joint.

Question 8

Forefoot to Rearfoot Relationship

Answer 8

This assessment, qualitative or quantitative is made to determine whether or not a deviation from normal occurs in the relationship between forefoot and rearfoot alignment. A varun or valgus tilt of the forefoot in relation to the hindfoot becomes significant when the first metatarsal is in a plantar flexed position, as this positions the hindfoot into and inverted position during weight bearing.

Question 9

Hamstring length test

Answer 9

Hamstring length may be assessed in either the 90-90 or straight leg position. A normally flexible person
should be able to attain 80 degrees of hip flexion in the straight leg version or 80 degrees of knee extension
in the 90-90 version.

Question 10

Thomas and modified Thomas test

Answer 10

The Thomas test and modified Thomas test assess hip flexor length. If the thigh rises beyond parallel to the
table, iliopsoas is suspected to be the cause. If the rectus femoris is shortened, the amount of knee extension
should increase with the application of overpressure into hip extension. If an increase in knee flexion
produces an increase in hip flexion, this also implies rectus femoris as the cause of tightness. If no change
in hip flexion occurs, iliopsoas is implicated.

Question 11

Ely’s Test

Answer 11

Ely’s test is used to assess the length of rectus femoris. If rectus is tight, the hip flexes on the same side and
the pelvis is observed to anteriorly rotate early in the range of knee flexion.

Question 12

Ober Test

Answer 12

The Ober test is used to evaluate the flexibility of the iliotibial band and the tensor fascia latae. The test is
considered positive when the leg fails to lower.

Question 13

Triceps Surae Extensibility

Answer 13

When assessing the length of triceps surae, it is important to prevent pronation at the subtalar and oblique
midtarsal joint during dorsiflexion as this could give the illusion of more mobility in the talocrural joint
than is actually available.
idered positive when the leg fails to lower.

Question 14

10 meter walk test

Answer 14

This test is used to measure gait speed over a 10 meter distance. A 2 meter acceleration and deceleration
zone is included in the set up. Studies have indicated that a gait speed <0.8 m/s is indicative of being
limited in community ambulation.

Question 15

Timed up and go test

Answer 15

Timed Up and Go functional test, used to assess functional

mobility.

Question 16

5 times sit tot stand test

Answer 16

5 Times Sit-To-Stand Test, used to assess balance,

lower extremity strength, and fall risk.

Question 17

single leg stance test

Answer 17

the single leg stance test, used to assess balance, lower

extremity strength, and fall risk.

Question 18

single leg squat test

Answer 18

single leg squat test and provides an example of common abnormalities.
This test is useful for patients with active lifestyles or those participating in sport. Pay close
attention to trunk, hip, knee, and ankle/foot alignment.

Question 19

single leg hop test

Answer 19

s 4 variations of the single leg hop test, used to assess knee stability and lower
extremity strength.

Question 20

y-balance test

Answer 20

Y Balance test, shown to predict risk of injury

Question 21

neuro screening

Answer 21

a basic lower extremity neuro screening used to rule out

neurological pathology.

Question 22

SLR test

Answer 22

This video demonstrates the SLR test used to screen for adverse neural tension. This test can also be used
for assessing hamstring flexibility. The first 30 degrees of the SLR places strain on the sciatic nerve.
Between 30-70 degrees, the spinal nerves, their dural sleeves, and the nerve roots (L4-S2) are stretched. A
positive test is reproduction of radicular pain or symptoms.

Question 23

faber test

Answer 23

This video demonstrates how to rule in or out the hip/SI joint as the source of a patient’s pain. A positive
test is pain that is lateral or anterior to the hip joint. (Sn: 54% Sp: 88%)

Question 24

logrolling test

Answer 24

This video demonstrates the logrolling test used to screen for hip pain (intra-articular pathology). A
positive test is indicated by hip pain. This test is considered to have good specificity.

Question 25

faddir test (impingement test)

Answer 25

This video demonstrates how to test for anterior hip labral impingement by using the FADDIR test. A
positive test is reproduction of groin pain, indicative of mechanical impingement and/or labral pathology.
(Sn: 59% Sp: 100%)

Question 26

scour (quadrant test)

Answer 26

This video demonstrates how to perform the hip scour test, used to detect hip labrum tears. A positive test
is pain or apprehension at a given point during the examination. (Sn: 79% Sp: 50%)
Dutton pg 793

Question 27

active SLR with resistance

Answer 27

This video demonstrates the logrolling test used to screen for hip pain (intra-articular pathology). This test
generates a joint reaction force several times body weight and may be greater than the force encountered
during walking. A positive test is indicated by anterior hip (groin) pain.

Question 28

Trendelenburg sign

Answer 28

This video demonstrates the Trendelenburg sign during gait. This sign indicates hip abductor
weakness. A positive test is a contralateral drop of the pelvis towards the non-weightbearing side
during single limb stance.

Question 29

6 minute walk test

Answer 29

This video demonstrates how to administer the 6 Minute Walk functional test, a tool useful for assessing
functional mobility and submaximal aerobic capacity.

Question 30

Sign of Buttock

Answer 30

?