Normal Gait Flashcards

Normal Gait Parameters

1
Q

What are the two phases of the gait cycle?

A

Swing Phase and Stance Phase

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2
Q

Gait Cycle

A

Initial Contact, Opposite Toe Off, Heel Rise, Opposite Initial Contact, Toe Off, Feet Adjacent, and Tibial Vertical

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3
Q

What makes up the stance phase

A

Loading response, mid-stance, terminal stance, and pre-swing

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4
Q

What makes up the swing phase?

A

Initial Swing, Mid-swing, and terminal swing

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5
Q

What is cadence?

A

Cadence is a temporal measurement of gait measuring time…it is the number of given footfalls in a given time

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6
Q

What is normal cadence?

A

The normal cadence range is 90-130 steps/minute

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7
Q

What is stride length?

A

Stride length is a spatial measurement…it is the distance either foot advances with each stride.

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8
Q

What is normal stride length?

A

Normal stride length is -1.1-1.7 m

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9
Q

What is gait speed?

A

Gait speed is a (spatial-temporal measurement) it is the rate of forward progression.

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10
Q

What is normal gait speed?

A

0.9-1.7 m/s

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11
Q

What is the method for measuring cadence?

A

Measure cadence by counting the steps during a known interval

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12
Q

What is the method for measuring stride length

A

Measure stride length by counting the steps over a known distance and measuring talcum powder footprints

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13
Q

What is the method for measuring speed

A

Measure speed by measuring the time that it takes a person to walk a kown distance

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14
Q

What are the major three joints active during the gait cycle?

A

Hip, Knee, and Ankle

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15
Q

When is the hip maximally flexed during the gait cycle?

A

The Hip is Maximally flexed in the late swing phase and Initial contact

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16
Q

What is the action of the hip during the stance phase?

A

The hip is extended during most of the stance phase.

17
Q

What is the action of the hip from late stance to late swing phase?

A

The hip flexes from late stance phase to late swing phase.

18
Q

What position is the knee in at initial contact?

A

The knee is around full extension at initial contact.

19
Q

In what phase of the gait cycle does the knee flex?

A

The knee flexes and then extends in both the stance and swing phase.

20
Q

At what point in the gait cycle is the knee around full extension?

A

The knee is around full extension at Initial Contact and Late Stance Phase

21
Q

What is the position of the ankle during initial contact?

A

Neutral Position

22
Q

When during the gait cycle is the ankle in plantarflexion?

A

The ankle plantarflexes during the loading phase and during pre-swing.

23
Q

As stance phase progresses…what happens to the ankle?

A

Then ankle moves into dorsiflexion as stance phase progresses.

24
Q

When is the ankle is a neutral position during the gait cycle?

A

The ankle is in neutral at initial contact and early swing phase

25
Initial Contact
Hip Flexed at 30' Knee Relatively extended Ankle relatively neutral position
26
Loading Response
Hip-Extension via glute max/hamstrings Knee--Flexion controlled eccentrically by quads Ankle--Plantarflexion controlled eccentrically by tibialis anterior
27
Opposite toe off
Hip-extension via glute max/hamstrings Knee-flexion ontrolled by quads Ankle-Plantarflexion reverses over to dorsiflexion controlled eccentrically by triceps surae
28
Mid-stance
Hip-extension continues due to inertia/gravity and glute medius becomes active in frontal plane Knee-Peak flexion (10-20) and then begins to extend (controlled by quads) Ankle--dorsiflexion controlled eccentrically by triceps surae
29
Heel Rise
Hip-extension continues via graviy/inertia and glute medius still active Knee--peak extension (passively) and then flexes 2' triceps surae Ankle--peak dorsiflexion achieved and stabilized by triceps surae
30
Opposite Initial Contact
Hip--peak extension (10-20') Knee--continues to flex controlled eccentrically by quads Ankle--Moving into Plantarflexion achieved 2' to concentric activation of triceps surae
31
Toe Off
HIp--Flexion via gravity, tension of ligaments, rectus femoris and adductor longus Knee--added by GRF and then largely by hip flexion (double pendulum) Ankle--Peak Plantarflexion (25') just after toe off
32
Feet Adjacent
Hip--Flexion via powerful contraction of hip flexors, aided y gravity Knee--Reaches peak flexion 960-70') via double pendulum Ankle--moving toward neutral position via voncentric contraction of tibialis anterior
33
Tibia Vertical
Hip--peak hip flexion (30') Knee--rapid knee extension controlled eccentrically by hamstrings Ankle--moving toward neutral position via concentric contraction of tibialis anterior