Normal Gait Flashcards
Normal Gait Parameters
What are the two phases of the gait cycle?
Swing Phase and Stance Phase
Gait Cycle
Initial Contact, Opposite Toe Off, Heel Rise, Opposite Initial Contact, Toe Off, Feet Adjacent, and Tibial Vertical
What makes up the stance phase
Loading response, mid-stance, terminal stance, and pre-swing
What makes up the swing phase?
Initial Swing, Mid-swing, and terminal swing
What is cadence?
Cadence is a temporal measurement of gait measuring time…it is the number of given footfalls in a given time
What is normal cadence?
The normal cadence range is 90-130 steps/minute
What is stride length?
Stride length is a spatial measurement…it is the distance either foot advances with each stride.
What is normal stride length?
Normal stride length is -1.1-1.7 m
What is gait speed?
Gait speed is a (spatial-temporal measurement) it is the rate of forward progression.
What is normal gait speed?
0.9-1.7 m/s
What is the method for measuring cadence?
Measure cadence by counting the steps during a known interval
What is the method for measuring stride length
Measure stride length by counting the steps over a known distance and measuring talcum powder footprints
What is the method for measuring speed
Measure speed by measuring the time that it takes a person to walk a kown distance
What are the major three joints active during the gait cycle?
Hip, Knee, and Ankle
When is the hip maximally flexed during the gait cycle?
The Hip is Maximally flexed in the late swing phase and Initial contact
What is the action of the hip during the stance phase?
The hip is extended during most of the stance phase.
What is the action of the hip from late stance to late swing phase?
The hip flexes from late stance phase to late swing phase.
What position is the knee in at initial contact?
The knee is around full extension at initial contact.
In what phase of the gait cycle does the knee flex?
The knee flexes and then extends in both the stance and swing phase.
At what point in the gait cycle is the knee around full extension?
The knee is around full extension at Initial Contact and Late Stance Phase
What is the position of the ankle during initial contact?
Neutral Position
When during the gait cycle is the ankle in plantarflexion?
The ankle plantarflexes during the loading phase and during pre-swing.
As stance phase progresses…what happens to the ankle?
Then ankle moves into dorsiflexion as stance phase progresses.
When is the ankle is a neutral position during the gait cycle?
The ankle is in neutral at initial contact and early swing phase
Initial Contact
Hip Flexed at 30’
Knee Relatively extended
Ankle relatively neutral position
Loading Response
Hip-Extension via glute max/hamstrings
Knee–Flexion controlled eccentrically by quads
Ankle–Plantarflexion controlled eccentrically by tibialis anterior
Opposite toe off
Hip-extension via glute max/hamstrings
Knee-flexion ontrolled by quads
Ankle-Plantarflexion reverses over to dorsiflexion controlled eccentrically by triceps surae
Mid-stance
Hip-extension continues due to inertia/gravity and glute medius becomes active in frontal plane
Knee-Peak flexion (10-20) and then begins to extend (controlled by quads)
Ankle–dorsiflexion controlled eccentrically by triceps surae
Heel Rise
Hip-extension continues via graviy/inertia and glute medius still active
Knee–peak extension (passively) and then flexes 2’ triceps surae
Ankle–peak dorsiflexion achieved and stabilized by triceps surae
Opposite Initial Contact
Hip–peak extension (10-20’)
Knee–continues to flex controlled eccentrically by quads
Ankle–Moving into Plantarflexion achieved 2’ to concentric activation of triceps surae
Toe Off
HIp–Flexion via gravity, tension of ligaments, rectus femoris and adductor longus
Knee–added by GRF and then largely by hip flexion (double pendulum)
Ankle–Peak Plantarflexion (25’) just after toe off
Feet Adjacent
Hip–Flexion via powerful contraction of hip flexors, aided y gravity
Knee–Reaches peak flexion 960-70’) via double pendulum
Ankle–moving toward neutral position via voncentric contraction of tibialis anterior
Tibia Vertical
Hip–peak hip flexion (30’)
Knee–rapid knee extension controlled eccentrically by hamstrings
Ankle–moving toward neutral position via concentric contraction of tibialis anterior
