Test 9 Flashcards
1
Q
A
- Latin name: Pimpinella anisum
- English name: Anise
- Family name: Apiaceae
- Drug: Fruit/seed
- Active constituents:
* Volatile oil (trans-anethole) - Effects:
* Secretolytic / antispasmodic
* Antibacterial
* Sharpen appetite - Usage:
* Expectorant (in antiasthmatic diseases)
* Laxative / carminative effect
* Increase lactation
2
Q
A
- Latin name: Foeniculum vulgare
- English name: Fennel
- Family name: Apiaceae
- Drug: Slitting mericapls (Fruit/seed)
- Active constituents: Volatile components
* trans-anethole
* Fenchone
* Estragole - Effect:
* Antispasmodic effect
* Sharpen appetite - Utilization:
* Increase lactation
* Against distention
3
Q
A
- Latin name: Angelica archangelica
- English name: Garden angelica
- Family name: Apiaceae
- Drug: Rhizome / root
- Active constituents:
* Volatile oil (phellandrene + pinene)
* Furanocoumarin
* Hydroxy-coumarin - Utilization:
* Gastrointestinal disorders
4
Q
A
- Latin name: Levisticum officinale
- English name: Lovage
- Family name: Apiaceae
- Drug: Rhizome / root
- Active constituents:
* Volatile oils
> Terpenoids: pinen + fellandrene
> Phenylpropane derivatives: phtalides
* Hydroxy-coumarin
* Furanocoumarin - Effects:
* Diuretic, antibacterial, antimicotic
* Solve bladder stone + gallstone - Utilization: Infusion
5
Q
A
- Latin name: Ocimum basilicum
- English name: Basil
- Family name: Lamiaceae
- Drug: Flowering apex of shoot
- Active constituents: Volatile oil
* Estragol
* Eugenol - Effect:
* Digestive helper
* Diuretic
NB! Young children, pregnant- and breastfeeding women shouldn’t use >20 leaves/day for a long period of time.
6
Q
A
- Latin name: Syzygium aromaticum
- English name: Clove
- Family name: Mytaceae (myrtle fam)
- Drug: Flower bud
- Active constituents:
* Volatile oil (eugenol) - Effect:
* Anti-inflammatory
* Digestive helper
* Spasmolytic - External: Fatigue + mature-skin care
7
Q
Sesquiterpenes
A
- Constituent of essential oils (not liquid)
- Consists of 3 isoprenoid units: C15
- Various structures –> diverse effects
- May be formed acyclic, mono-, bi-, tri-, and tetracyclic systems.
- Some can cause allergic reaction
8
Q
A
- Latin name: Ginko biloba
- English name: Ginko
- Family name: Ginkoaceae
- Drug: Leaf
- Active constituents:
* Bilobalide (sesquiterpenes)
* Biflavonoids
* Gingkol acid (can cause allergy) - Utilization: Extracts (Patented processes are applied)
9
Q
A
- Latin name: Humulus lupulus
- English name: Hop
- Family name: Cannabaceae
- Drug: Flower/cones
- Active constituents:
* Volatile oils (Myrcen, humulen)
* Flavonoids
* Tannins - Effects:
* Sedative
* Antibacterial, antimicotic
* Spasmolytic - Utilization: Infusion (before bedtime)
10
Q
A
- Latin name: Matricaria recutita
- English name: Chamomile
- Family name: Asteraceae
- Drug: Dried inflorescence
- Active constituents:
* Volatile oil
> Bisabolol
> Chamazuluene
* Flavonoids
* Coumarins - Effect:
* Anti-inflammatory
* Spasmolytic effect (in smooth mc)
* Antibacterial - Utilization: infusion
* Inflammations of alimentary canal
* Sore throat
* Increases rumination in cattle
11
Q
A
- Latin name: Anthemis nobilis
- English name: Roman chamomile
- Family name: Asteraceae
- Drug: Flower
- Active constituents:
* Volatile oils (a-, b-pinen)
* Flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin) - Effect:
* Against Canadida species
* Antibacterial effect - Utilization:
* Similar to chamomile (Anti-inflammatory)
* Stomach diseases
* At menorrhagia
12
Q
A
- Latin name: Achillea millefolium
- English name: Yarrow
- Family name: Asteraceae
- Drug: Flowering apex of shoot
- Active constituents:
* Achillicin (Sesquiterpene-lactones)
* Flavonoids - Effects:
* Similar to chamomile
* Sharpens appetite
* Antibilious
* Anti-inflammatory - Utilization: For digestive distorders
13
Q
A
- Latin name: Chrysanthemum parthenium
- English name: Feverfew
- Family name: Asteraceae
- Drug: Flowering apex of shoots
- Active constituents:
* Volatile oils
> Parthenolid (sesquiterpene-lactons)
> Monoterpenes
> Sesquiterpenes - Utilization:
* Preventin migraine attacks
* Inhibit thrombosis
* Herb in Italy
14
Q
Iridoids
A
- Non-volatile compounds
- Often bound to glucose (glycosides, or in ester form (valepotriates))
- By carbon atom number : C10-iridoids, C9-iridoids, and C8-iridoids (very rare)
- Effect:
* Defense against infecton of microorganisms
* Medicinal plant
> Sedative, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial
15
Q
A
- Latin name: Plantago lanceolata
- English name: Ribwort plantain
- Family name: Plantaginaceae
- Drug: Leaf
- Active constituents:
* Iridoid-glycosides ( Aucubin + catalpol)
* Slimy compounds - Utilization: Tincture in syrup
* Anti-inflammatory
* Highly effective cold medicina
* Antibacterial
16
Q
A
- Latin name: Valeriana officinalis
- English name: Valerian
- Family name: Caprifoliaceae
- Drug: Root
- Active constituents:
* Volatile oil (mono- + sesquiterpenes)
* Valepotriates
* Baldrinal - Utilization:
* Improved sleep
* General sedating effect
* For mild symptoms of mental stress
19
Q
A
- Lating name: Nepeta cataria
- English name: Catnip
- Family name: Lamiaceae
- Drug: Leaves + white flower top
- Active constituents:
* Iridoids –> nepetalacton - Effects:
* Sedative
* Increase bedtime length
* Sedating effect for CNS - Utilization: “Relaxing” tea
* Decrease digestive problems
* Hidrotic
* Decrease diarrhoea
* “Cat drug”
* Mosquito + fly repellent
