Test 6

Question 1

Answer 1

• Latin name: Papaver rhoeas
• English name: Field poppy
• Family name: Papaveraceae (poppy family)
• Drug: Petals
• Active constituents:
  * Alkaloid (rhoeadine)
  * Anthocyanin (mecocyanin)
• Application: “Tea meliorative”

Question 2

Answer 2

• Latin name: Malva sylvestris
• English name: Common mellow
• Family name: Malvaceae (mellow fam.?)
• Drug: Flower
• Active constituents:
  * Polysaccharides
  * Anthocyanins
• Utilization: Infusion
  * Ico mucus membrane irritation (of mouth & tongue)
  * Conjunctivitis (in tea mixtures)

Question 3

Answer 3

• Latin name: Vaccinium myrtillus
• English name: Blueberry
• Family name: Ericaceae
• Drug: Dried berry fruit
• Active constituents:
  * Anthocyanins (myrtillin)
  * Flavonoids
  * Tannins
  * Organic acids
  * Triterpenes
• Application:
  * Ico diarrhoea & enteritis
  * Infection of oral cavity in babies
  * Myrtilin creates protective layer against E-colli
  * In opthamology (defect of vision in diabetes)

Question 4

Answer 4

• Latin name: Oenothera biennis
• English: Common evening primrose
• Family name: Onagraceae
• Drug: Seed & oil
• Active constituents: Fatty oil
  * 80% linoleic acid
  * 14% 𝛄-linoleic acid
• Usage:
  * Prevention of arteriosclerosis
  * Treatment for atopic dermatitis

Question 5

Answer 5

• Latin name: Dryopteris filix-mas
• English name: Male fern
• Family name: Dryopteridaceae
• Drug: Rhizome
• Active constituents: Acylphloroglucinols
  * Flavaspidic acid
  * Filixic acid
• Utilization:
  * Anthelmintic effect (expel tapeworm)

!!Poisonous!!

Question 6

Answer 6

• Latin name: Humulus lupulus
• English name: Hop
• Family name: Cannabaceae (hemp family)
• Drug: Flower/cones
• Active constituents:
  * Hop bitters (Humulon, lupulon)
  * Volatile oils (myrcen, humulen)
  * Flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol)
  * Tannins
• Effects:
  * Sedative
  * Antibacterial
  * Antimicotic
  *Oestogenic
  * Regulate gastric acid secretion
• Utilization: Infusion

!!Strongly toxic for dogs!!

Question 7

Answer 7

• Latin name: Frangula alnus
• English name: Alder buckthorn
• Family name: Rhamnaceae
• Drug: Bark
• Active constituents: Anthraquinones
  * Glucofrangulin
  * Frangulin
  * Emodin
• Utilization: Purgative w/ absorption inhibitory effect

Question 8

Answer 8

• Latin name: Rheum spp.
• English name: Rhubarb
• Family name: Polygonaceae (knotweed family)
• Drug: Rhizome, root
• Active constituents:
  * Anthranols (rhein, rheumemodin)
  * Tannins
  * Pectin
• Utilization: Tea
  * Large dose (1-4g) = laxative
  * Small dose (0.05-0.3g) = against diarrhoea

Question 9

Answer 9

• Latin name: Aloë spp.
• English name: Aloë species
• Family name: Asphodelaceae
• Drugs:
  * Dried, concentrated sap
  * Aqueous extract of leaves
  * Aloe-vera-gel
• Active constituents:
  * Aloin (sap and extract)
  * Heteropolysaccharides without anthranols (gel)
• Usage:
  * Purgative (sap, leaves)
  * Dermatitis and (burned) skin regeneration (gel)

Question 10

Answer 10

• Latin name: Cassia senna
• English name: Senna
• Family name: Fabaceae (pea fam.)
• Drugs: Leaf / dried fruit
• Active constituents:
  * Anthraquinone glycosides
  (rhein-8-glucoside + aloe-emodine)
  * Dianthrone glycosides
  (Sennosides)
• Effect: laxative
• Usage: Tea
  * Only for short-term!

Question 11

Answer 11

• Latin name: Hypericum perforatum
• English name: St. John’s wort
• Family name: Hypericaceae
• Drug: Flowering apex of shoot
• Active constituents:
  * Flavonoids (hyperosid, rutin)
  * Naphthodiantrones (hypericin, pseudohypericin)
  * Phloroglucinol (hyperforin)
• Effect:
  * Antidepressant
  * Anti-inflammatory
• Application:
  * Psycho-vegetative disturbances quantified extract (internal)
  * Dermatitis & (burned) skin regeneration (external)
• Side effects:
  * Photosensitization
  * Medicine interactions (preventives, anticoagulants)

Question 12

Answer 12

Latin Name: Thymus vulgaris

English Name: Common thyme

Drugs: shoots of flowering plants

Active Constituents: volatile oil, apigenin, luteolin

Group of Active Constituents: flavonoids

Effects: antimicrobial and expectoran, spasmolytic effects

Question 13

Answer 13

Latin Name: Crataegus spp.

English Name: Hawthorn species

Drugs: flowering apex of shoot (dried), fruit (dried)

Active Constituents:

Flowering apex: catechin type tannins, flavones (vitexin), flavonols (hyperosid, rutin), procyanidines

Fruit: procyanidines, flavonoids (quercetin), triterpenes (ursolic acid, crataegol acid)

Group of Active Constituents: phenoloids

Effects: improves heart functions