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Test 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Aldosterone is released in response to low blood pressure. How does aldosterone affect urine formation and therefore contribute to maintaining blood pressure?

A

It increases the reabsorption of sodium and water by the distal convoluted tubule.

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2
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

A

They release waste into the bloodstream.

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3
Q

Micturition

A

All of the choices are correct.

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4
Q

Which gives the correct order for the structures through which newly formed urine is transported once it leaves the nephron

A

Collecting tubule - collecting duct - papillary duct - minor calyx

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5
Q

Which portion of the renal tubule reabsorbs electrolytes, plasma proteins, nutrients, vitamins, and water?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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6
Q

Azotemia results when the kidneys fail and _________blank in the blood is abnormally high.

A

urea

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7
Q

The internal urethral sphincter is formed by skeletal muscle fibers of the urogenital diaphragm.

A

false

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8
Q

In anatomic position, the left kidney is inferior to the right kidney.

A

false

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9
Q

The active transport of solutes out of the blood and into the tubular fluid is called

A

tubular secretion

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10
Q

When is the second meiotic division completed in a female gamete?

A

Immediately after fertilization

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11
Q

n the penis, the spongy urethra is surrounded by the corpus

A

spongiosum.

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12
Q

Given what you know about the timing of ovulation in a woman’s 28-day cycle, when would she be most likely to get pregnant?

A

Days 12-15

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13
Q

Which of these is not found in the vestibule?

A

Mons pubis

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14
Q

Which is not part of the vulva?

A

vagina

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15
Q

Ovulation involves the release of an oocyte (suspended in _________blank) from a _________blank follicle.

A

meiosis II; mature

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16
Q

How many primary oocytes does a female have by the onset of puberty?

A

400,000

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17
Q

The breasts contain _________blank glands responsible for releasing breast milk.

A

exocrine

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18
Q

The function of the dartos and cremaster muscles is to

A

regulate the temperature of the testes.

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19
Q

How many secondary oocytes ultimately develop from each primary oocyte?

A

1

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20
Q

Which gives the correct order for the structures through which newly formed urine is transported once it leaves the nephron?

A

Collecting tubule - collecting duct - papillary duct - minor calyx

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21
Q

The longest part of the male urethra that is encased within a cylinder of erectile tissue in the penis is the _________blank urethra.

A

spongy

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22
Q

What is the value of transitional epithelium in the urinary system?

A

It allows distension.

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23
Q

The juxtaglomerular apparatus functions to regulate blood pressure

A

true

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24
Q

Taken together, what do the glomerular capsule and glomerulus comprise?

A

A renal corpuscle

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25
Q

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the tubular fluid by the _________blank.

A

proximal convoluted tubule

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26
Q

During tubular reabsorption, the fluid within the nephron that is modified is called

A

tubular fluid.

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27
Q

The active transport of solutes out of the blood and into the tubular fluid is called

A

tubular secretion.

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28
Q

Blood plasma is filtered in the _________blank.

A

renal corpuscle

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29
Q

The _________blank is the site of sperm maturation and storage.

A

epididymis

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30
Q

A spermatogonium contains _________blank chromosomes.

A

46

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31
Q

When do gametes typically stop maturing in human females?

A

Age 40−60

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32
Q

Which is not a uterine function?

A

Usual site of fertilization

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33
Q

Which is not part of the vulva?

A

vagina

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34
Q

How many primary oocytes does a female have by the onset of puberty?

A

400,000

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35
Q

Secretion from which gland contributes most of the semen volume?

A

The seminal vesicle

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36
Q

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the

A

ampulla and the proximal portion of the seminal vesicle.

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37
Q

When does an ovum finish meiosis?

A

During fertilization

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38
Q

The function of the dartos and cremaster muscles is to

A

regulate the temperature of the testes.

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39
Q

A renal pyramid voids urine into a _________blank.

A

minor calyx

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40
Q

The figure shows two nephrons. The structure indicated by the number 1 is the _________blank of a _________blank nephron.

A

descending limb of the nephron loop; cortical

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41
Q

There is one _________blank for each nephron.

A

afferent arteriole

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42
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

A

Secreting hormones that stimulate thirst

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43
Q

The photo shows a coronal section of a kidney. The structure indicated by the number 1 is a _________blank, which is formed by the merging of multiple _________blank.

A

major calyx; minor calyces

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44
Q

Which is not a function of the urinary system?

A

Regulation of lymphocyte production

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45
Q

Because the kidneys help produce vitamin D, if the kidneys fail, the absorption of what substance would be impaired?

A

Calcium

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46
Q

Blood is supplied to the urinary bladder by branches of the

A

internal iliac arteries.

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47
Q

Which organ is not part of the urinary tract?

A

Kidney

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48
Q

Azotemia results when the kidneys fail and _________blank in the blood is abnormally high.

A

urea

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49
Q

A spermatogonium contains _________blank chromosomes.

A

46

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50
Q

The acrosome cap contains

A

enzymes to allow penetration into the oocyte.

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51
Q

The most inferior portion of the uterus is the

A

cervix

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52
Q

Which of the following regulates the second half of the menstrual cycle?

A

Corpus luteum

53
Q

When does an ovum finish meiosis?

A

During fertilization

54
Q

When do gametes typically stop maturing in human females?

A

Age 40−60

55
Q

Hypothetically, if the interstitial endocrine cells of a male were selectively killed off by an environmental toxin, which of the following would occur?

A

His testosterone levels would decrease.

Correct

56
Q

Given that a secondary oocyte only survives about 24 hours if it is not fertilized, where does fertilization normally occur?

A

Uterine tube

57
Q

Given what you know about the timing of ovulation in a woman’s 28-day cycle, when would she be most likely to get pregnant?

A

Days 12-15

58
Q

In the penis, the spongy urethra is surrounded by the corpus

A

spongiosum

59
Q

What does parathyroid hormone do?

A

Regulate calcium and phosphate excretion

60
Q

Which is not correct regarding nephrons?

A

The renal corpuscle may be located in the renal cortex or renal medulla.

61
Q

The active transport of solutes out of the blood and into the tubular fluid is called

A

tubular secretion.

62
Q

Micturition is another term for _________blank.

A

the elimination of urine

63
Q

Filtration occurs because

A

All of the choices are correct.

64
Q

Urine flow from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder is produced by

A

peristalsis of the ureters.

65
Q

A renal pyramid voids urine into a _________blank.

A

minor calyx

66
Q

An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the

A

efferent arteriole.

67
Q

When the testes are exposed to cool temperatures,

A

the dartos and cremaster muscles contract to bring the testes closer to the body.

68
Q

How many functional eggs are produced from one germ cell (oogonium) by the process of oogenesis?

A

1

69
Q

The structures of the male reproductive tract are
a: Ductus deferens
b: Urethra
c: Epididymis
d: Ejaculatory duct
e: Ampulla
The order in which sperm passes through these structures from the testes to the penis is

A

c, a, e, d, b

70
Q

Which is not a uterine function?

A

Usual site of fertilization

71
Q

An ovulated oocyte is most likely to encounter a spermatozoon in the _________blank of a uterine tube.

A

ampulla

72
Q

Puberty is initiated by the secretion of

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

73
Q

Which layer of the uterine wall is sloughed off during menstruation?

A

Functional layer of endometrium

74
Q

The deep region of the penis, surrounding the urethra, that engorges with blood during an erection is known as the _________blank.

A

corpus spongiosum

75
Q

The acrosome cap contains

A

enzymes to allow penetration into the oocyte.

76
Q

What is the correct order for the phases of the ovarian cycle, beginning with day 1?

A

Follicular - ovulation - luteal

77
Q

What are the regions of a male urethra in order from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body?
Spongy part
Urethral orifice
Prostatic part
Membranous part

A

c,d,a,b

78
Q

The ureters

A

are fibromuscular tubes.

79
Q

Which of the following hormones regulates water permeability in the collecting duct?

A

Antidiuretic hormone

80
Q

The active transport of solutes out of the blood and into the tubular fluid is called

A

tubular secretion

80
Q

What is the most abundant nitrogenous waste found in the blood?

A

Urea

81
Q

The active transport of solutes out of the blood and into the tubular fluid is called

A

tubular secretion.

82
Q

Taken together, what do the glomerular capsule and glomerulus comprise?

A

A renal corpuscle

83
Q

The function of the dartos and cremaster muscles is to

A

regulate the temperature of the testes.

84
Q

Which structure caps the head of a mature sperm and enables the sperm to penetrate an egg?

A

Acrosome

85
Q

A spermatogonium contains _________blank chromosomes.

A

46

86
Q

Why would an enlarged prostate interfere with urination?

A

It compresses the urethra.

87
Q

The breasts contain _________blank glands responsible for releasing breast milk.

A

exocrine

88
Q

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the

A

ampulla and the proximal portion of the seminal vesicle.

89
Q

What is the correct order for the phases of the ovarian cycle, beginning with day 1?

A

Follicular - ovulation - luteal

90
Q

Which is not a uterine function?

A

Usual site of fertilization

91
Q

The golf-ball sized structure found inferior to the urinary bladder, and surrounding the most proximal portion of the urethra, is called the _________blank.

A

prostate

92
Q

How many secondary oocytes ultimately develop from each primary oocyte?

A

1

93
Q

Which of the following structures performs the most reabsorption?

A

proximal convoluted tubule

94
Q

If a molecule of dye was traced through the kidney after leaving a nephron, what is the sequence of structures it will pass through before entering a major calyx?

A

Collecting tubule - collecting duct - papillary duct - minor calyx

95
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

A

Secreting hormones that stimulate thirst

96
Q

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the tubular fluid by the _________blank.

A

proximal convoluted tubule

97
Q

Which organ is not part of the urinary tract?

A

kidney

98
Q

Aldosterone is released in response to low blood pressure. How does aldosterone affect urine formation and therefore contribute to maintaining blood pressure?

A

It increases the reabsorption of sodium and water by the distal convoluted tubule.

99
Q

The longest part of the male urethra that is encased within a cylinder of erectile tissue in the penis is the _________blank urethra.

A

spongy

100
Q

Because the kidneys help produce vitamin D, if the kidneys fail, the absorption of what substance would be impaired?

A

calcium

101
Q

Hypothetically, if the interstitial endocrine cells of a male were selectively killed off by an environmental toxin, which of the following would occur?

A

His testosterone levels would decrease.

102
Q

The normal site of fertilization is the

A

uterine tube

103
Q

An erection of the penis is caused by

A

blood filling the erectile bodies and compressing the veins.

104
Q

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the

A

ampulla and the proximal portion of the seminal vesicle.

105
Q

The most inferior portion of the uterus is the

A

cervix.

106
Q

The portion of the uterus immediately superior to the cervix is the

A

isthmus.

107
Q

The gonads

A

All of the choices are correct.

108
Q

Why would an enlarged prostate interfere with urination?

A

It compresses the urethra.

109
Q

Which layer of the uterine wall is sloughed off during menstruation?

A

Functional layer of endometrium

110
Q

What is a follicle composed of?

A

An oocyte enclosed in follicular or granulosa cells

111
Q

Blood vessels that make their way from the renal hilum to the renal cortex must travel through extensions of the cortex called renal

A

columns

112
Q

Which blood vessels of the renal medulla run alongside the nephron loops?

A

Vasa recta

113
Q

the spongy urethra

A

All of the choices are correct.

114
Q

When substances in the filtrate move back into the blood, this is a process called

A

tubular reabsorption

115
Q

Which of the following fills the glans penis?

A

the corpus spongiosum

116
Q

Which is correct regarding chromosome numbers during oogenesis?

A

Primary oocytes are diploid, secondary oocytes are haploid.

117
Q

The ovaries

A

are responsible for the production of oocytes and the secretion of hormones.

118
Q

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the merging of the ductus deferens and the

A

seminal vesicle

119
Q

Why would an enlarged prostate interfere with urination?

A

It compresses the urethra.

120
Q

Tubular fluid is called urine once it enters which structure?

A

collecting duct

121
Q

Where are the renal pyramids located within the kidney?

A

Renal medulla

122
Q

If a secondary oocyte is fertilized and successfully implants in the uterine lining, it becomes a pre-embryo and begins to secrete

A

human chorionic gonadotropin

123
Q

Where do the renal arteries and veins enter and exit the kidney?

A

hilium

124
Q

Which structure frequently causes problems with urination in elderly men?

A

prostate

125
Q

Ovulation involves the release of an oocyte (suspended in _________blank) from a _________blank follicle.

A
126
Q

A secondary oocyte arrests in

A

metaphase 2

127
Q
A

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