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Test 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Which are differences between cardiac muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue?

a: The sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle is less extensive

.b: The sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle is more organized.

c: Cardiac muscle has intercalated discs; skeletal muscle does not.

d: Cardiac muscle has 1 or 2 nuclei per cell; skeletal muscle has multiple nuclei per cell.e: Cardiac muscle has more well defined terminal cisternae.

b, d, e

a, c, d

b, c, e

a, b, e

a, c, eng

A

a,c,d

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2
Q

Erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn) occurs when…

the mom is Rh positive and the fetus is Rh negative

the mom is Rh positive and the fetus is Rh positive

the mom is Rh negative and the fetus is Rh positive

the mom is Rh negative and the fetus is Rh negative

A

the mom is Rh negative and the fetus is Rh positive

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3
Q

Which action causes the closure of the right atrioventricular valve?

Contraction of the right atrium

Contraction of the left atrium

Contraction of the right ventricle

Contraction of the left ventricle

None of these answers is correct.

A

contraction of the right ventricle

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4
Q

How many globin molecules are found in a single hemoglobin molecule?

4

8

6

2

1

A

4

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5
Q

Cardiac muscle fibers

utilize hemoglobin as an energy source.

have a low oxygen need.

are only loosely connected by the intercalated discs.

contract as a single unit.

A

contract as a single unit.

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6
Q

Which action causes the closure of the right atrioventricular valve?

Contraction of the right atrium

Contraction of the left atrium

Contraction of the right ventricle

Contraction of the left ventricle

None of these answers is correct.

A

contraction of the right ventricle

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6
Q

What are varicose veins caused from?

The valves have become nonfunctional

The veins have constricted and gotten thinner

The tunica media of the veins have been stretched out

The tunica externa of the vein has become hardened

A

The valves have become nonfunctional

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7
Q

The beginning of the cardiac cycle is when the

ventricles contract.

ventricles fill with blood.

atria fill with blood.

atria contract.

two semilunar valves close.

A

atria contract

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8
Q

The reason it is more appropriate to call an erythrocyte a “formed element” rather than a “cell” is that erythrocytes

have lots of inclusion molecules.

lack a nucleus and organelles.

can form a rouleau when moving through a capillary.

are actually dead.

are not red.

A

lack a nucleus and organelles

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9
Q

The epicardium is another name for the

myocardium.

pericardium.

myometrium.

parietal layer of the serous pericardium.

visceral layer of the serous pericardium.

A

visceral layer of the serous pericardium.

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10
Q

Of the four “normal” heart sounds, the initial “lubb” sound is heard when the

AV valves open.

AV valves close.

semilunar valves open.

foramen ovale closes.

semilunar valves close.

A

AV valves close

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11
Q

The function of the coronary sinus is to

shunt blood from the right atrium to the left atrium.

take blood from the coronary circulation to the right atrium.

guide the aorta out of the heart.

connect the top and bottom halves of the heart.

guide the inferior vena cava into the right atrium.

A

take blood from the coronary circulation to the right atrium

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12
Q

Which are functions performed by the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

a: Separates the atria and ventricles

b: Anchors the heart valves

c: Provides electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles

d: Provides the framework for the attachment of the myocardium

e: None of these are true functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart.

a, b, c, d

e

b, d

a, c, d

a, d

A

a,b,c,d

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13
Q

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of carbon dioxide and endocrine hormones?

Transportation
Protection
Regulation
Prevention

A

Transportation

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14
Q

The inferior chambers of the heart are the

Multiple Choice
ventricles.
auricles.
gyri.
atria.
sulci.

A

ventricles

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15
Q

How many oxygen molecules may bind to a single molecule of hemoglobin?
6
2
8
16
4

A

4

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16
Q

Which of the cardiovascular system’s circuits has deoxygenated blood in its arteries?

Coronary circuit
Systemic circuit
Pulmonary circuit

A

pulmonary circuit

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17
Q

The carbon dioxide molecules that bind to the hemoglobin molecule are attached to the __________ units.

heme
globin
iron
calcium
None of these answers is correct.

A

globin

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18
Q

Which valve prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle when the ventricles relax?

Left atrioventricular valve
Aortic semilunar valve
Right atrioventricular valve
Pulmonary semilunar valve
None of these answers is correct.

A

aortic semilunar valve

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19
Q
A
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20
Q

The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called

A

hemopoiesis

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21
Q

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies?

Transportation
Protection
Regulation
Prevention

A

protection

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22
Q

The agglutinogens that determine the ABO and Rh blood types are

located on the surface of the leukocytes.
found in the cytoplasm of the erythrocytes.
found on the surface of erythrocytes.
part of the reticular connective tissue of the spleen.
located in the cytoplasm of the leukocytes.

A

found on the surface of the erythrocytes

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23
Q

As blood is pumped into the arterial trunks past the semilunar valves, it

pushes against the cusps, forcing the valves open.
pushes against the cusps, forcing the valves closed.
fills the cusps, causing them to expand and block the backflow of blood.
fills the cusps, causing them to expand and open up for the flow of blood.
None of these answers is correct.

A

pushes against the cusps, forcing the valves to open

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24
Q

The base of the heart is formed primarily by the

right atrium.
right ventricle.
left atrium.
left ventricle.
None of these choices is correct.

A

left atrium

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25
Q

Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the

liver.
lung.
spleen.
spleen and lung.
liver and spleen.

A

liver and spleen

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26
Q

An individual’s hematocrit is dependent on his or her

altitude.
sex.
age.

All of the choices are correct.

A

all of the choices are correct

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27
Q

Among the constituents of plasma, sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate ions are classified as
nutrients.
respiratory gases.
wastes.
electrolytes.
None of these choices is correct.

A

electrolytes

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28
Q

As an arterial pathway moves farther from the heart, the arteries

get smaller.
show no change in their lumen size.
get larger.

A

get smaller

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29
Q

The globulins make up about ________ percent of all plasma proteins.

37
85
1
58
4

A

37

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30
Q

If agglutination occurs after a blood transfusion, it may indicate

the donor had type O blood.
the wrong blood type was used.
there were no agglutinins (antibodies) in the recipient blood.
the recipient had type AB blood.

A

the wrong blood type was used

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31
Q

Which are characteristic of type O blood?
a: Has anti-A antibodies
b: Has anti-B antibodies
c: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes
d: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes
e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes

a, b, c
b, c, d
a, b, e
b, c, e
c

A

A,b,e

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32
Q

In arteries, the thickest layer of the wall is the

tunica media.
tunica externa.
tunica intima.
tunica adventitia.
None of these answers is correct.

A

tunica media

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33
Q

Which structure is highlighted?

(1)

intercalated disc
smooth muscle fiber
skeletal muscle fiber
cardiac muscle fiber
nucleus of cardiac muscle fiber

A

intercalated disc

34
Q

The serous fluid within the pericardial cavity works to

equalize the pressure in the great vessels.
eliminate blood pressure spikes.
lubricate the membranes of the serous pericardium.
slow the heart rate.

A

lubricate the membranes of the serous pericardium.

35
Q

Which is going to result in significant agglutination?

Donor is Type B and recipient has antibody anti-A
Donor is Type AB and recipient is Type B
Donor is Type A and recipient is Type AB
Donor is Type O and recipient is Type O
Donor is Type A and recipient has antibody anti-B

A

Donor is type AB and recipient is Type B

36
Q

Usually the most numerous of the leukocytes are the

neutrophils.
lymphocytes.
eosinophils.
basophils.
monocytes.

A

neutrophils

37
Q

Which circuit of the cardiovascular system is responsible for sending blood to the kidneys, stomach, and pelvic regions?

Coronary circuit
Pulmonary circuit
Systemic circuit

A

systemic circuit

38
Q

The hemoglobin found in erythrocytes is able to chemically attach to

nitrogen.
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.
carbon dioxide.
both oxygen and carbon dioxide.
oxygen.

A

both oxygen and carbon dioxide

39
Q

The ________ is composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells.

tunica media
tunica externa
tunica intima
tunica interna
None of the answers is correct.

A

tunica media

40
Q

One of the functions of blood is to regulate fluid levels in the body. If too much fluid escapes from the bloodstream and enters the tissues, blood pressure will

decrease.
increase.

A

decrease

41
Q

Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur between the __________ and the tissues of the body.

arteries
capillaries
capillaries and arteries
veins
capillaries and veins

A

capillaries

42
Q

T-cells are a category of

eosinophils.
neutrophils.
monocytes.
basophils.
lymphocytes.

A

lymphocytes

43
Q

Which can be used to characterize blood flow in the human body?
a: There is a unidirectional blood flow.
b: Arteries always carry oxygenated blood.
c: Veins always carry deoxygenated blood.
d: Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
e: Veins carry blood toward the heart.

A

a,d,e

44
Q

Which heart chambers pump deoxygenated blood?

Left atrium and left ventricle
Right atrium and left ventricle
Right atrium and right ventricle
Left ventricle and right ventricle
Left atrium and right atrium

A

right atrium and right ventricle

45
Q

As a venous pathway moves closer to the heart, the veins

get smaller.
get larger.
show no change in their lumen size.

A

get larger

46
Q

In the centrifuged sample of blood illustrated, number 2 indicates

erythrocytes.
leukocytes and platelets.
leukocytes.
plasma.
platelets.

A

erthrocytes

47
Q

In the centrifuged sample of blood illustrated, which number indicates the layer containing water, plasma proteins, nutrients, and waste products?

1
None of the answers is correct.
2
3

A

1

48
Q

In the centrifuged sample of blood illustrated, what blood components are contained in the layer labeled number 3?

Plasma and water
Plasma, water, waste materials, and electrolytes
Leukocytes and waste materials
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes and platelets

A

leukocytes and platelets

49
Q

The heart valves

separate the right and left sides of the heart.
are only used in the fetal heart.
stabilize and hold the arteries leaving the heart.
direct the conduction impulse through the heart muscle.
permit the passage of blood in one direction.

A

permit the passage of blood in one direction

50
Q

It is the _____________ that permits the compression necessary to pump large volumes of blood out of the ventricles.

absence of oxygenated blood in the atria
negative pressure inside the ventricles
arrangement of cardiac muscle in the heart wall
presence of skeletal muscle tissue in the heart skeleton
presence of papillary muscles in the ventricles

A

arrangement of cardiac muscle in the heart wall

51
Q

During a cardiac cycle, how many of the four chambers contract at any one time?

1
2
4
Highly variable, depending on the heart beat rate
None of these answers is correct.

A

2

52
Q

The sequence of events in the transmission of an impulse through the heart muscle is
a: AV node
b: AV bundle
c: SA node
d: through the atria
e: through the ventricles
f: bundle branches
g: Purkinje fibers

A

c,d,a,b,f,g,e

53
Q

Which are characteristic of type Rh negative blood?
a: Always has Rh (anti-D) antibodies
b: Only under certain conditions will Rh (anti-D) antibodies be present
c: Always has Rh (D) antigen
d: Only under certain conditions will the Rh (D) antigen be present
e: Is inherited independent of the ABO gro

A

b,e

54
Q

The systemic veins carry blood that is _______ oxygen.

high in
absent of any
low in

A

low in

55
Q

Which structure marks the end of the left ventricle and the entrance to the aorta?

Foramen ovale
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Right atrioventricular valve
Left atrioventricular valve
Aortic semilunar valve

A

aortic semilunar valve

56
Q

The “buffy” coat of the middle layer of a centrifuged blood sample is composed of

erythrocytes.
erythrocytes and leukocytes.
leukocytes.
platelets and leukocytes.
platelets.

A

platelets and leukocytes

57
Q

Plasma makes up about ______ percent of a centrifuged sample of whole blood.

35
45
55
75
25

A

55

58
Q

The cardiac cycle is

when the atria are contracting.
all the events involved with a single heart beat.
when the atria are relaxed.
when the ventricles are contracting.
when the ventricles are relaxed.

A

all the events involve with a single heart beat

59
Q

Blood is correctly classified as a(n)

intracellular fluid.
organ.
tissue.
organ system.

A

tissue

60
Q

The largest arteries of the body are classified as

muscular arteries.
arterioles.
elastic arteries.

muscular and elastic since they have the same dimensions.

A

elastic arteries

61
Q

Valves in veins

are formed of the tunica media.
are the leading cause of high blood pressure.
are found only in the largest veins.
cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction.
make the use of a skeletal muscle pump unnecessary for venous blood flow.

A

cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction

62
Q

Item80
eBookReferencesCheck my workCheck My Work button is now disabledItem 80
How many half-moon shaped, pocketlike cusps are found in each semilunar valve?

6
2
3
4
1

A

3

63
Q

The left atrium and left ventricle are part of which circuit of the cardiovascular system?

Systemic circuit
Pulmonary circuit

A

systemic circuit

64
Q

The internal wall surface of each ventricle displays large, smooth, irregular muscular ridges called

chordae tendineae
atrioventricular opening.
trabeculae carneae.
conus arteriosus.
pectinate muscles

A

trabeculae carneae

65
Q

Pectinate muscles are found on the

anterior wall of the right ventricle.
anterior wall of the right and left atria.
anterior wall of the right atrium.
posterior wall of the right and left ventricles.
posterior wall of the right ventricle.

A

anterior wall of the right and left atria

66
Q

For ___________ of the cardiac cycle, all four chambers are in diastole together.

three-quarters
one-quarter
one-half
none
one-third

A

one-half

67
Q

The leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is the

eosinophil.
neutrophil.
monocyte.
basophil.
lymphocyte.

A

neutrophil

68
Q

The papillary muscles attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by means of the

tricuspid valve.
conus arteriosus.
chordae tendineae.
pectinate muscles.
trabeculae carneae.

A

chordae tendineae

69
Q

Which leukocytes are granulocytes?
a: Neutrophils
b: Eosinophils
c: Lymphocytes
d: Monocytes
e: Basophils
f: Erythrocytes

A

a,b,e

70
Q

The arteries and veins that leave and enter the heart are called the great vessels because

they are associated with the heart directly.
Both types have the highest blood pressure in the body.
they carry the most highly oxygenated blood.
they are longer than any other blood vessels in the body.
they have relatively large diameters.

A

they have relatively large diameters

71
Q

Which are characteristic of type A blood?
a: Has anti-A antibodies
b: Has anti-B antibodies
c: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes
d: Has surface antigen B on its erythrocytes
e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes
f: Will agglutinate with blood type B

A

b,c,f

72
Q

Which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Pulmonary arteries
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary trunk
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary veins

A

pulmonary veins

73
Q

The ________ is composed of an endothelium and a subendothelial layer made up of a thin layer of areolar connective tissue.
tunica media
tunica externa
tunica intima
tunica adventitia
None of the answers is correct.

A

tunica intima

74
Q

The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the

pericardial cavity.
pectinate muscle.
endocardium.
pericardium.
myocardium.

A

myocardium

75
Q

The smallest and most abundant plasma proteins are the

albumins.
prothrombins.
globulins.
endocrine hormones.
fibrinogens.

A

albumins

76
Q

Which analogy fits the human heart?

It is like a double pump, each working side by side with the other.
It is like four pumps working in alternating cycles.
It is like a double pump, each working at its own rate determined by the needs of the body served.
It is like a single pump.
It is like a single pump whose various chambers all work together at once.

A

It is like a double pump, each working side by side with the other.

77
Q

The life span of an erythrocyte is about _________ days.

360
60
10
30
120

A

120

78
Q

Which action causes the closure of the right atrioventricular valve?

Contraction of the right atrium
Contraction of the left atrium
Contraction of the right ventricle
Contraction of the left ventricle
None of these answers is correct.

A

contraction of the right ventricle

79
Q

Which are characteristic of leukocytes?
a: Smaller than erythrocytes
b: Have a nucleus
c: Have no hemoglobin
d: More numerous than erythrocytes
e: Depending on type, may or may not contain granules

b, c, d, e
a, b, e
b, c, e
a, b, c, d, e
a, b, c, d

A

b,c,e

80
Q

Which of the cardiovascular system’s circuits has deoxygenated blood in its arteries?

Systemic circuit
Pulmonary circuit

Coronary circuit

A

pulmonary circuit

81
Q

The cardiac cycle is

when the ventricles are relaxed.
when the ventricles are contracting.
when the atria are relaxed.
when the atria are contracting.
all the events involved with a single heart beat

A

all the events involved with a single heart beat

82
Q
A

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