Test 6 Pt2 Flashcards
Gr. cheilos
lip
L. labium, -i
lip
L. os, oris
n. mouth
Gr. stoma, stomatos
mouth
L. palatum, -i
palate
L. maxilla, -ae
upper jaw
L. mandibula, -ae
lower jaw
Gr. gnathos
jaw
L. dens, dentis
tooth
Gr. odous, odontos
tooth
odont/o
tooth
dentin/o
dentin (makes teeth hard)
L. gingiva, -ae
gum
L. glossa (glotta)
tongue
L. bucca, -ae
cheek, mouth
Bocca Della Verità
Mouth of truth.
Face is man with a beard that resembles a river god.
L. saliva, -ae
saliva
Gr. sialon
saliva
L. esophagus, -i
esophagus
L. abdomen, abdominis
abdomen
Gr. koilia
abdomen
Gr. lapara
abdomen
L. peritoneum
peritoneum
Gr. gaster, gastros
stomach
Gr. pyle
gate, entrance; portal vein
Gr. pyloros
gatekeeper; distal aperture of stomach
Sphincter and the Sphinx
Sphincter:
To close off.
Sphinx:
Strangulates its victims.
The riddle of the sphinx; ate travelers who couldn’t get the riddle.
Gr. hepar, hepatos
liver
Gr. chole
bile (gall)
choler/o
cholera
L. intestinum
small intestine
Gr. enteron
small intestine
duodenum
first part of the small intestine (literally 12 fingers)
jejunum
second part of the small intestine (literally empty)
ileum
third part of the small intestine (literally lowest)
L. caecus
blind; cecum (caecum)
Gr. typhlos
blind; cecum (caecum)
L. appendix, appendicis
appendix
pend/o
hanging
Gr. kolon
colon
L. intestinum rectum
straight intestine
rectum
straight
L. anus
anus
L. annulus
little ring, annular
L. annus
year, annual
abdomin/o
abdomen
an/o
anus
appendic/o
appendix
bil/i
bile
bucc/o
cheek
celi/o
abdomen
cheil/o
lip
chol/e
bile
col/o
colon
colon/o
colon
cyst/o
bladder, sac
dent/i
teeth
doch/o
duct
duoden/o
duodenum
enter/o
small intestine
esophag/o
esophagus
gastr/o
stomach
gingiv/o
gum
gloss/o
tongue
hepat/o
liver
hepatic/o
liver
herni/o
hernia
ile/o
ileum
inguin/o
groin
jejun/o
jejunum (empty)
lapar/o
abdomen
lingu/o
tongue
lith/o
stone
or/o
mouth
peritone/o
peritoneum
phag/o
eat or swallow
proct/o
anus and rectum
pylor/o
pylorus (gatekeeper)
rect/o
rectum
sial/o
saliva
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon (resembles)
steat/o
fat
stomat/o
mouth
-emesis
vomiting
omphal/o
belly button
Gr. omphalos
belly button
Leonardo’s Vitruvian Man
Idea of ideal proportion.
Claims that length of arms is equal to height.
Belly button is center of person.
Delphi
An ancient city in central Greece; site of an oracle of Apollo.
Important because it is in the center.
Omphalos also means center.
L. umbilicus
belly button
Pepsis and Ancient Greek Medial Notions of Digestion
Pepsis: digestion
This is why Pepsi and Pepto-Bismol are named what they are.
Stomachos, gaster, and koilia originally meant the same thing, but eventually became more specific.
-ase
enzyme
amyl/o
starch
-ose
carbohydrate
-ose (when used with something like “aden”)
nature of
adenose
nature of glands
Gr. gala, galactos
milk
galaxias
Milky Way
L. alimentum
nourishing
L. cibus
food
Gr. sitos
food
L. gluten, glutinis
glue
Gr. bolos
lump, rounded mass; bolus
Gr. ballein
to throw
Gr. chymos
humor, fluid
Gr. chylos
emulsified fat (milky white)
Medical Terms for “Crap”
feces, dejecta, excrement, excreta, stool
L. stercus, stercoris
feces
Gr. skor, skateos
feces
Gr. kopros
feces
L. flatus
blowing, blast (flatulence)
L. eructare
to belch forth/vomit (eructation)
L. halitus
breath, exhalation (halitosis)
Flatulence, Eructation, and Humor
Old Comedy (480-440 BC)
Aristophanes: sarcastic, comedic, made fun of others of the time.
Political satire, buffoonery involving belching, farting, and sexual innuendos.
hormonum, -i
n. hormone
pancreas, pancreatis
n. pancreas
infundibulum, -i
n. fundibulum
isthmus, -i
m. isthmus
stroma, stromatis
stroma
parenchyma, parenchymatis
n. parenchyma
endocrinus, -a, -um
endocrine
raphe, -ae
f. raphe (fr. Gr. seam, suture)
corona, -ae
f. crown
cuspis, cuspidis
f. cuspid
radix, radicis
f. root
uvula, -ae
uvula
tonsilla, -ae
f. tonsil
fauces, -ium
f. fauces
pharynx, pharyngis
f. pharynx
oesophagus, -i
m. esophagus
funds, -i
m. fundus
ruga, -ae
f. ruga
flexure, -ae
f. flexure
vesicle, -ae
f. bladder
bilis, -is
f. bile
ductus, -us
m. duct
oralis, -e
oral
labialis, -e
labial
buccalis, -e
buccal
palatinus, -a, -um
palatine
durus, -a, -um
hard
mollis, -e
soft
gingivalis, -e
gingival
salivarius, -a, -um
salivary
dentalis, -e
dental
lingualis, -e
lingual
tonsillaris, -e
tonsilar
pharyngealis, -e
pharyngeal
oesophageus, -a, -um
esophageal
gastricus, -a, -um
gastric
pyloricus, -a, -um
pyloric
tenuis, -e
thin
crassus, -a, -um
thick
duodenalis, -e
duodenal
jejunalis, -e
jejunal
ilealis, -e
ileal
vermiformis, -e
vermiform
colicus, -a, -um
colic
ascendens
ascendent
descendens
descendent
transversus, -a, -um
transverse
sigmoideus, -a, -um
sigmoid
rectalis, -e
rectal
analis, -e
anal
hepaticus, -a, -um
hepatic
biliaris, -e
bile, gall
biliferus, -a, -um
bile
cysticus, -a, -um
cystic
Gr. askos
bag
L. plicate, plicatum
to fold
-ple
fold
plic/o
to fold
Icterus, Jaundice, and Oriole
Yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera, and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood,
Oriole is a yellow bird.
Gr. naus
ship
Gr. nautes
sailor
L. devertere
to turn aside (diverticulum)
Gr polypous
polyp
Gr. pous, podos
foot
L. ulcus, ulceris
sore, wound
ulcer/o
ulcer
helc/o
ulcer
aphth/o
mouth ulcer
L. fistula
pipe
Hippocratic, On Fistula
Thinks they come from bruising and the putrifying.
syrinx
fistula, small tube
syring/o
fistula, small tube
L. volvere
to roll (volvulus)
L. hiatus
opening, gap (hiatal)
L. rupture
hernia
-cele
hernia
L. prolapsio
slipping, sliding (prolapse)
-ptosis
slipping, sliding (prolapse)
intussusception
to receive within
L. intus
within
L. suscipere
to receive
Hippocratic, On Hemorrhoids
Thinks that excessive bile in area swells up veins causing hemorrhoids.
Monks practicing medicine in the west.
Burning the hemorrhage (cautery).
caus/o
burn, burning
caut/o
burn, burning
caust/o
burn, burning
L. sanitas
health
Ancient Notions of Catharsis
Hippocratic evacuation of cavities (upper and lower).
Ancient Theories of Urine Production
Erasistratus: Urine is attracted to empty space.
Asclepiades: Water is heated and the vapor goes down to the bladder.
Galen: Kidneys have a faculty to draw urine towards them.
ren/o
kidney
nephr/o
kidney
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
L. hilum
little thing, trifle
L. papilla, -ae
nipple
papill/o
nipple
L. pelvis
basin
Gr. pyelos
pelvis
Gr. calyx, calycis
cup of a flower
calic-
cup-shaped
glomerulus
ball
globus
round object
globulus
little round object
glomerare
round object/ball
L. calculus
little stone
Ancient and Modern Surgeries for Stones
Hippocratic Oath: Person swearing to hold the family guild.
Swear not to cut through a stone because lithotomy was a dangerous surgery and results in death and ruins the teacher’s reputation so they don’t want to risk it.
Lithotomy Position: The same position women give birth in.
Lithotripsy: Crushing the stones (tripsy = crushing)
in antiquity. People used food and medicine to crush the stones. People still use food today.
Gr. tripsis
friction, rubbing, crushing
Uroscopy
Subjecting the urine of a patient to examination (via sight, smell, or taste) for the purpose of diagnosis or prognosis.
