TEST 6 - Mix 2020 Flashcards
What does the cardiovascular system do? (4)
Transport food molecules broken down in digestion (1) to all the 37 trillion cells (1) where they’re broken down to release energy in their bonds (1)
What kind of tissue is blood? (1)
Connective
What % of the blood that leaks out of the capillaries returns via the venules? (1)
85%
What % of the blood that leaks out of the capillaries returns via the lymph vessels? (1)
15%
What % of blood is liquid (plasma) ? (1)
55%
What % of blood plasma is water? (1)
92%
What % of the formed elements in blood is white blood cells? (1)
1%
What are the 3 components of formed elements in blood? (3)
Rbcs, wbcs, platelets
Where are the pluripotent stem cells located ? (1)
In bones
How long do red blood cells live? (1)
90-120days
1Why can’t red blood cells repair themselves ? (1)
No nucleus or organelles
Which digestive enzyme is made from haemoglobin? (1)
Bile
What is anaemia? (1)
Reduced oxygen carrying capacity of blood
What is haemophilia? (1)
Inherited deficiency of clotting causing spontaneous bleeding on minor trauma
What is jaundice and what causes it? (2)
Yellowing of skin and eyes due to bilirubin in blood
What are leucocytes?(1)
Wbc’s
What are wbc’s involved in? (1)
Body defences
What do platelets (thrombocytes) do? (2)
Help plug holes in bv walls and make blood clot (haemostasis)
Why do clots often form in veins? (1)
Blood flows slowly there
What is the pericardium? (1)
Fibrous ‘balloon’ the heart sits in
What does it mean to say that the circulation of the blood is a double circulation ? (2)
For each circulation of the blood round the body the blood goes through the heart twice
What is the name of the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs? (1)
Pulmonary arteries
What is the name of the blood vessels that carry blood from the lungs back to the heart? (1)
Pulmonary veins
What are the 2 main blood vessels bringing deoxygenated blood back to the heart? (2)
SVC, IVC
What is the main blood vessel sending oxygenated blood around the body? (1
Aorta
How many valves are there in the heart, and what are the 2 main types of valve? (3)
4(? ) , semi lunar, cuspid
What is oedema? (1)
Swelling
What is the myocardium? (1)
Muscle layer of the heart wall
What is an ectopic pacemaker? (1)
Parts other than the SA node becoming excitable
Give 2 other names for an abnormal heart rhythm (2)
Arrhythmia, dysrhythmia
The first thing the heart does is supply itself – how? (1)
Via coronary arteries
What is the number 1 risk factor for Coronary Artery Disease? (1)
Smoking
What is angina pectoris? (1)
temporary lack of oxygen to the heart
what is an aneurysm? (1)
bulge in artery wall
What is a heart attack? (1)
Heart muscle cell death due to lack of oxygen
What may cause a heart murmur? (1)
Leaking heart valves – blood rushing back
What do muscular arteries become? (1)
arterioles
Which part of the nervous system connects with the blood vessels? (1)
Sympathetic NS
What stops blood in veins flowing backwards? (1)
Valves
What is a DVT? (1)
Blood clot in the deep veins of the legs
