TEST 4 - Feb 2020

Question 1

What is the point of the Respiratory System? (6)

Answer 1

To get oxygen into the body
so it can get into blood 
and hence to all cells 
where food molecules can be burned in oxygen
to break the bonds
to release energy for the cell

Question 2

What are the 3 steps in Respiration? (3 )

Answer 2

Breathing (pulmonary ventilation),
ext resp,
int resp

Question 3

What is cellular respiration and where does it happen? (2 )

Answer 3

Burning of food in cells to produce ATP

Question 4

What are the tonsils and what are they for? (2)

Answer 4

Collections of wbc’s preventing entry of pathogens into body

Question 5

What stops food going down the trachea? (1 )

Answer 5

Epiglottis

Question 6

Where is the thyroid gland? (1 )

Answer 6

Around the larynx

Question 7

What is trachea lined with? (1 )

Answer 7

Mucus membranes (epithelium

Question 8

What does the trachea split into ? (1 )

Answer 8

L & R primary bronchi

Question 9

How many lobes are there in the right lung ad how many in the left lung? (2)

Answer 9

3 and 2

Question 10

What structures lie at the end of the terminal bronchioles? (1 )

Answer 10

Alveoli

Question 11

How ‘thick’ are the alveoli? (1 )

Answer 11

1 cell

Question 12

Ae the wbc’s inside alveoli? (1 )

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

What are the 2 main kinds of the fibres in the walls of alveoli? (2)

Answer 13

Elastic, reticular

Question 14

Why do you need water to line the alveoli? (1)

Answer 14

For the oxygen to dissolve into

Question 15

Which 2 gases diffuse into and out of the alveoli? (1 )

Answer 15

O2

Carbon dioxide

Question 16

What Happens to the diaphragm on inspiration? ( 1 )

Answer 16

It goes down

Question 17

Which nerve supplies the diaphragm ? (1 )

Answer 17

Phrenic nerve

Question 18

What kind of molecule is haemoglobin and what will happen to it if conditions change too much? (2)

Answer 18

Protein, lose its 3D shape

Question 19

What does chronic cigarette smoke do to lungs? (2)

Answer 19

Distory Alveoli
Collapsing of respiratory bronchioles
(both leading to emphysema)

Question 20

How may smoke contribute to cancer anywhere in the body? (2 )

Answer 20

Contain carcinogens which are absorbed into blood (1) so can get to any cell in body (1).

Question 21

What % of cases of lung cancer are due to smoking? (1 )

Answer 21

85% ( 80% - 90%)

Question 22

What is the cause of Tuberculosis? ( 1 )

Answer 22

bacterium m.tubercule

Question 23

What is pleurisy? (1 )

Answer 23

Inflammation of the pleura

Question 24

What is the point of digestion? (8)

Answer 24

to break down food molecules (1) so they can get through the cells of the gut wall (1) and into the blood vessels (1) so they can get to all cells of the body (1) to provide energy there (by breaking the bonds) (1)and raw materials (the broken molecule ’bits’(1)for the cells go grow and repair(1) and do their ‘jobs’

Question 25

What’s the difference between digestion and absorption? (2 )

Answer 25

Digestion: Breakdown foods
Absorption: Getting the broken bits across guts wall into blood vessels.

Question 26

What are the names of the 3 salivary glands? (3 )

Answer 26

Parotid
sub mandibular
sub lingual

Question 27

In approximately 5 words, what is the enteric nervous system? (1 )

Answer 27

The brain of the gut

Question 28

Why is the oesophagus lined wit mucus cells and stratified squamous epithelium?(2 )

Answer 28

Mucus to lubricate food going down, stratified squamous because surface cells continually worn off by passage of food

Question 29

What causes heartburn? (2 )

Answer 29

If oesophageal sphincter into stomach can’t close properly, stomach acids can leak up into oesophagus and burn oesophagus

Question 30

What is a hiatus hermia? (1 )

Answer 30

When the stomach pushes up through the diaphragm

Question 31

What sort of molecules does the stomach mainly digest? (1)

Answer 31

Proteins

Question 32

What protects the stomach from the acid it secretes? (1)

Answer 32

Mucus it secretes

Question 33

What is the most common cause of an ulcer? (2)

Answer 33

Bacterium heliobacter pylori dissolving the mucus and exposing the stomach wall to acid

Question 34

What are the 3 regions of the small intestine? (3)

Answer 34

Duodenum ileum caecum

Question 35

State 4 important functions of the small intestine (4)

Answer 35

Finish protein and carbohydrate digestion
Water absorption
Start & finish fat digestion
Absorb products of digestion

Question 36

Where are bile salts made, where are they secreted from, and what do they do? (3)

Answer 36

In the liver, gall bladder, they emulsify fats and make small intestine alkaline

Question 37

Which 4 vitamins are absorbed with fats through the lymph system? (4)

Answer 37

A, D, E, K

Question 38

State 4 functions of liver (4)

Answer 38

Makes bile
forms non toxic urea from waste products
Modifes products of digestion so we can use them
detoxifies proteins
makes plasma protein, makes blood clotting enzyme fibrinogen

Question 39

What is the hepatic portal system? (3)

Answer 39

a system of veins that delivers blood with products of digestion to the liver

Question 40

The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes. It also secretes two important hormones – what are they(3)

Answer 40

insulin

glucagon

Question 41

What does the gall bladder do? (1)

Answer 41

Store (and secrete) bile

Question 42

What is cirrhosis of the liver? (1)

Answer 42

Scarring caused by inflammation

Question 43

What are the 2 main jobs of the large intestine? (2)

Answer 43

Remove (reclaim)water and salts

Question 44

What are haemorrhoids? (1)

Answer 44

Swollen veins in the wall of the rectum or anus

Question 45

Name 3 factors that might contribute to colorectal cancer (3

Answer 45

Inheritance (50%), alcohol, high animal fat and high animal protein