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Test 6/FINAL > Test 6/FINAL - Neuro III > Flashcards

Test 6/FINAL - Neuro III Flashcards

1
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system in which the preganglionic axons are LONG?

A

Parasympathetic

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2
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system that arises from the thoracic regions of spine is known as?

A

Sympathetic

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3
Q

A stoke caused by a foreing body traveling in vessel is referred to as?

A

Embolic

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4
Q

Another name for the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is?

A

Thoracolumbar

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5
Q

A foreign body traveling in vessel is referred to as?

A

Embolus

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6
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system that arises from the lumbar regions of spine is known as?

A

Sympathetic

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7
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause dilation of the pupils?

A

Sympathetic

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8
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause vasodilation of the blood vessels in the skeletal muscles?

A

Sympathetic

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9
Q

A disease in which the gene for an enzyme in lysosomes is mutated and the enzyme cannot digest Ganglioside?

A

Tay Sachs

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10
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system that arises from the cranial regions is known as?

A

Parasympathetic

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11
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system for which the ganglia are close to the vertebral column?

A

Sympathetic

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12
Q

A structure that contain synapses, dendrites, & soma of the postganglionic (postsynaptic) neurons is?

A

Ganglion

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13
Q

Caused by the Chickenpox virus which may activate decades late this disease causes a mild to acutely severe rash with blistered eruptions in the skin?

A

Shingles

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14
Q

A bruising or crushing injury without rupture of the pia mater

A

Contusions

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15
Q

A condition caused by increased cranial pressure in which the brainstem if forced through the foramen magnum?

A

Herniation

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16
Q

A condition caused by increased cranial pressure in which the cerebrum is forced into a lower chambers of the cranial vault?

A

Herniation

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17
Q

Receptors for the parasympathetic nervous system are known as?

A

Cholinergic

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18
Q

A posterior neural tube closure defect in which the dura mater (not the spinal cord) is forced out of its normal position often resulting in a very large, fluid-filled sac on the baby’s spine?

A

Meningocele

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19
Q

A condition caused by enlarging ventricles which displace & destroy the normal brain tissue?

A

Hydrocephalus

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20
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system that regulates the “Fight or Flight” response is the?

A

Sympathetic

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21
Q

Another name for stroke is “_____” “_____” “______”?

A

Cerebro vascular accident

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22
Q

Which of the adrenergic receptors causes relaxing smooth muscles of arterioles?

A

Beta 2

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23
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause close in or near focusing (vision)?

A

Parasympathetic

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24
Q

A viral diseased, transmitted by the bite of an infected animal vector and almost always fatal if enters CNS is?

A

Rabies

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25
Q

Which of the adrenergic receptors causes increase in the heart rate?

A

Beta 1

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26
Q

Which of the adrenergic receptors causes Vasodilation?

A

Beta 2

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27
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system in which the preganglionic axons end close to or in the effector or target organ?

A

Parasympathetic

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28
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause the sphincters of the gastrointestinal system to contract (close down)?

A

Sympathetic

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29
Q

Which of the parasympathetic nervous system receptors are found on the dendrites of all postganglionic neurons, both sympathetic & parasympathetic systems?

A

Nicotinic

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30
Q

Which of the adrenergic receptors causes relaxation of smooth muscle?

A

Beta 2

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31
Q

An autoimmune disease in which antibodies are made against myelin sheath is?

A

Multiple sclerosis

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32
Q

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter for the PREGANGLIONIC neuron of the “sympathetic” nervous system, the “parasympathetic” nervous system, or both?

A

Both

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33
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause contraction of the arrector pili muscles?

A

Sympathetic

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34
Q

Which of the adrenergic receptors causes Bronchodilation?

A

Beta 2

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35
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause an increase in the production of tears?

A

Parasympathetic

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36
Q

Which of the parasympathetic nervous system receptors are found on the dendrites of all postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Nicotinic

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37
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause vasoconstriction of the capillaries in the skin?

A

Sympathetic

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38
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause a decrease in heart rate?

A

Parasympathetic

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39
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause distance or far focusing (vision)?

A

Sympathetic

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40
Q

Malignant hypertension or pre-eclampsia, causes aneurysms which may rupture causing hypersentive “__________”?

A

Hypertensive

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41
Q

Which of the adrenergic receptors causes vasoconstriciton in peripheral arterioles?

A

Alpha 1

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42
Q

A normal protein that changes shape and becomes pathogenic?

A

Prion

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43
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system in which the preganglionic axons end close to Vertebral Column?

A

Sympathetic

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44
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause orgasm?

A

Sympathetic

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45
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system in which the

A

Sympathetic

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46
Q

This form of hematoma is caused when veins between dural sinuses (e.g. Superior Sagittal) & veins of brain are torn?

A

Sub-Dural

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47
Q

Which of the parasympathetic nervous system receptors are found at the neuromuscular junction?

A

Nicotinic

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48
Q

Severe headache, nuchal rigidity, projectile vomiting, confusion, fever, decreased responsiveness are all symptoms of?

A

Meningitis

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49
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause the liver to breakdown glycogen and release glucose to be used for energy?

A

Sympathetic

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50
Q

necrotizing periventricular (of the brain) infections with severe brain destruction is characteristic of?

A

Cytomegalovirus

51
Q

Another name for a blood clot is?

A

Thrombus

52
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems generally cause glandular secretions?

A

Parasympathetic

53
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause an increase in the strenth of contraction of the heart muscle?

A

Sympathetic

54
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause the air ways to dilate and open?

A

Sympathetic

55
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause an increase in sweating?

A

Sympathetic

56
Q

(blank)

A

Lou Gehrig D

57
Q

A disease seen in people from Eastern Mediterranean, especially Jewish, diagnosed in a child of 1-2 years old who often dies at the age of 3-4 years old?

A

Tay Sachs

58
Q

Which of the autnomic nervous systems cause an decrease in the motility of the intestines (GI tract), causing food to move along at a slower rate?

A

Sympathetic

59
Q

A condition caused when the choroid plexuses continue to produce cerebrospinofluid, however, the arachnoid granulations do not remove it?

A

Hydrocephalus

60
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause the liver to store glucose in the form of glycogen rather than use it for energy?

A

Parasympathetic

61
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause an increase in heart rate?

A

Sympathetic

62
Q

A posterior neural tube closure defect in which the dura mater, as well as the spinal cord, are forced out of their normal position resulting in a very large, fluid-filled sac on the baby’s spine is known as?

A

Myelomeningocele

63
Q

The loss of consciousnes due to head injury, usually with complete recovery?

A

Concussion

64
Q

A spinal tap that is cloudy with increase proteins and reduced sugar may indicate?

A

Meningitis

65
Q

A disease caused by a virus that enters the peripheral nerves and moves up the axon to reside in the ventral horn or the spinal cord is?

A

Poliomyelites

66
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system in which the postganglionic axon long and terminates in effector (target) organ?

A

Sympathetic

67
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause the air ways to constrict and close?

A

Parasympathetic

68
Q

An inhibitory neurotransmitter, the loss of which causes involuntary contraction known as tremors?

A

Dopamine

69
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system in which the

A

Parasympathetic

70
Q

A viral disease that causes increased loss motor control due to the destruction of the ventral horn of the spinal cord is?

A

Poliomyelites

71
Q

This form of hematoma is caused torn veins when inertial damage causes torn veins?

A

Sub-Dural

72
Q

Receptors for the sympathetic nervous system are known as “_____________” or catecholinergic Receptors

A

Adrenergic

73
Q

A diseased caused by a virus transmitted by the bite of an infected animal vector is?

A

Rabies

74
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause the sphincters of the gastrointestinal system to relax (open)?

A

Parasympathetic

75
Q

Caused by a protein transmitted by eating the brains or muscles of infected animals, “_____” “_____” results in rapid progressive dementia and loss of motor control followed by death?

A

Spongiform encephalopathy

76
Q

Maternal dietary deficiencies in this protein may cause spina bifida?

A

Alfa Fetal

77
Q

3rd leading cause of death in US is?

A

Stroke

78
Q

A disease caused by too much of a glycolipid (Ganglioside = GM2) which destroys the myelin sheath and subsequently brain tissue?

A

Tay Sachs

79
Q

Receptors for the sympathetic nervous system are known as Adrenergic or “____________” Receptors

A

Catecholinergic

80
Q

This disease is caused by a virus travels up axon to hide, quitely in the soma of a spinal nerve

A

Shingles

81
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause vasodilation of the coronary arteries?

A

Sympathetic

82
Q

Extremem CNS excitability in which slightest touch becomes painful, slightest sound or movement can cause massive muscular contractions and convulsions are all symptoms of which viral disease?

A

Rabies

83
Q

Which of the parasympathetic nervous system receptors are found on the dendrites of all postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Nicotinic

84
Q

Which of the adrenergic receptors causes a decrease in the release of Norepinephrine?

A

Alpha 2

85
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause the urinary bladder to constrict?

A

Parasympathetic

86
Q

Malaise, headache, and fever with paresthesias around the wound is diagnostic for?

A

Rabies

87
Q

A bruise or hemorrhage causing increase in Intracranial Pressue (ICP) which is acutely life-threatening

A

Hematomas

88
Q

A posterior neural tube closure defect that may cause minimal damage and may be indicated by a tuft of hair growing on the lower lumbar/sacral skin over the spinal cord is known as?

A

Spina bifida occulta

89
Q

Caused by Herpes Zoster Varicella is chickenpox and “___________”?

A

Shingles

90
Q

A type of Stoke caused by a blood clot originating within brain?

A

Thrombolytic

91
Q

Just outside of dura, 85% of this hematoma are caused by arteries?

A

Epidural

92
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause constriciton of the pupils?

A

Parasympathetic

93
Q

Caused by an autosomal dominant mutation on chromosome 4, “_____________________” disease is marked by continued loss of motor function w/ severe demetia & loss of brain tissue?

A

Huntingtons

94
Q

Hypertension of pregnancy is often referred to as?

A

Preeclampsia

95
Q

Caused by a reduction of dopamine in the substantia nigra of the midbrain is “__________” disease?

A

Parkinsons

96
Q

A spastic loss of motor control is known as a?

A

Chorea

97
Q

An anterior neural tube closure defect in which the cerebrum (cerebral cortex is most of what we know as the “brain” (forebrain) fails to develop resulting in a very large defect in the skull and the absence most or all of the cerebral cortex?

A

Anencephaly

98
Q

Malignant hypertension or pre-eclampsia, causes aneurysms which may rupture causing “___________”?

A

Encephalopathy

99
Q

A demyelinating disease that may begins w/ visual problems (double vision, blindness, pupillary reactions) is?

A

Multiple sclerosis

100
Q

A neurodegenerative disease marked by progressive loss of motor function, severe dementia & loss of brain tissue due to reduced dopamine in the substantia nigra is “____________” disease?

A

Parkinsons

101
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause vasodilation of the capillaries in the skin?

A

Parasympathetic

102
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause vasoconstriction of the blood vessels in the skeletal muscles?

A

Parasympathetic

103
Q

A disease in which there is degeneration of motor neurons and atrophy of the muscles they supply is?

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

104
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system that arises from the sacral regions of spine is known as?

A

Parasympathetic

105
Q

Another name for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is?

A

Spongiform encephalopathy

106
Q

“_______________” diseases is caused by the Beta Amyloid protein Plaque being deposited on and around neurons of cerebrum & hippocampus resulting in severe dementia & loss of brain tissue?

A

Alzheimers

107
Q

Another name for the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is?

A

Craniosacral

108
Q

Which of the parasympathetic nervous system receptors are found in glands and organs such as the heart?

A

Muscarinic

109
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause sexual arousal and erection?

A

Parasympathetic

110
Q

Specifically, which part of the spinal cord is destroyed by the polio virus?

A

Ventral Horn

111
Q

The most common neurologic disorder is?

A

Stroke

112
Q

A type of hematoma seen deep within the brain often due to hypertension or penetrating missiles (bone fragments, bullets, etc)

A

Intracerebral

113
Q

These hematomas are usually caused by ruptured aneurysms?

A

Subarachnoid

114
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system in which the preganglionic axons are SHORT?

A

Sympathetic

115
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause an increase in the motility of the intestines (GI tract), causing food to move along at a faster rate?

A

Parasympathetic

116
Q

Which of the adrenergic receptors causes increase in the strength of cardiac muscle contraction?

A

Beta 1

117
Q

A disease caused by inflammation/infection of the meninges

A

Meningitis

118
Q

Another name for cerebrovascular accident is?

A

Stroke

119
Q

Which of the adrenergic receptors causes relaxing smooth muscles of upper respiratory tract - allows you to breath easier?

A

Beta 2

120
Q

Especially dangerous for fetus and immunosuppressed is the?

A

Cytomegalovirus

121
Q

“Mini-stoke” due to intermittent vascualr occlusion or spasm in which all neurological problems are gone w/in 24 hours is known as a “___” “___” “___”?

A

Transient ischemic attack

122
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause vasoconstriction of the blood vessels in the viscera?

A

Sympathetic

123
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system for which the ganglia are close to or in the effector or target organ?

A

Parasympathetic

124
Q

Which of the autonomic nervous systems cause a decrease in the strenth of contraction of the heart muscle?

A

Parasympathetic

Test 6/FINAL (4 decks)

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