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Test 6/FINAL > Test 6/FINAL - Neuro II > Flashcards

Test 6/FINAL - Neuro II Flashcards

1
Q

The thickest, outermost layer of the meninges is known as?

A

Dura Mater

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2
Q

Specifically, what part of the brain is damaged by Parkinson’s Disease?

A

substantia nigra

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3
Q

(blank)

A

Telencephalon

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4
Q

From which of the three primary germ layers is the brain derived?

A

Ectoderm

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5
Q

Which structure of the brain functions as the primary sensory cortex?

A

Postcentral gyrus

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6
Q

What structure of the brain produces “releasing” hormones which regulate the pituitary gland?

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

A tiny structure which causes a muscle to contract when it is stretch to prevent the muscle from being over-stretched?

A

Muscle Spindle

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8
Q

The postcentral gyrus serves as the “_____” “_____” “______”?

A

Primary Sensory Cortex

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9
Q

Which structure of the brain functions as the primary motor cortex?

A

Precentral gyrus

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10
Q

From which Primary Germ Layer does the nervous system develop?

A

Ectoderm

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11
Q

Once removed from the subarachnoid space, where is cerebrospinal fluid pumped?

A

Blood

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12
Q

What is the major hormone produced by the pineal gland during the day?

A

Serotonin

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13
Q

What structure of the brain serves as the major integration center for autonomic N.S.

A

Hypothalamus

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14
Q

The space within the meninges that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (cerebral spinal fluid) is known as?

A

Subarachnoid Space

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15
Q

In which part of the brain is Broca’s area found?

A

Prefrontal Cortex

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16
Q

Several structures in the brain that serve as the location for actions of general anesthetics (pain management)?

A

Reticular formation

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17
Q

What structure of the brain is the primary center for thermoregulation?

A

Hypothalamus

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18
Q

Specifically, which structure of the brain contains the substantia nigra?

A

Midbrain

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19
Q

What is the major hormone produced by the pineal gland during the night?

A

Melatonin

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20
Q

The middle layer of the meninges is known as?

A

Arachnoid Mater

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21
Q

What structure of the brain functions as the hunger control center?

A

Hypothalamus

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22
Q

What structure of the brain regulates sleep/wake cycles?

A

Hypothalamus

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23
Q

A term for all the outer coverings of the brain and spinal cord?

A

Meninges

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24
Q

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) may be associated with which structure that is associated with the biological clock?

A

Pineal Gland

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25
Q

A method in which stimuli occur so quickly that the neuron being stimulated becomes easier to fire?

A

Facilitation

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26
Q

Damage to this part of the brain causes receptive aphasia

A

Wernicke’s Area

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27
Q

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is associated with sensory reception, taste, and some vision?

A

Parietal Lobe

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28
Q

A procedure which allows the examination of various electrical circuits/events of the brain?

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

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29
Q

A process based on a series of new or modified synapses called the memory trace is known as?

A

Memory

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30
Q

The occipital lobe serves as the “_____” “______” “_______”?

A

Primary Visual Cortex

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31
Q

What structure of the brain functions as the thirst control center?

A

Hypothalamus

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32
Q

Which embryonic structure will develop into the cerebellum and pons?

A

Metencephalon

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33
Q

Which side of the brain tends to focus on visual and spatial skills?

A

Right

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34
Q

These brain waves are seen in children and sleeping adults and indicate stress when seen in awake adults?

A

Theta Waves

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35
Q

A condition in which the arachnoid granulation fail to remove enough cerebrospinal fluid resulting in its build up in the brains ventricular system?

A

Hydrocephalus

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36
Q

At what vertebral level (between which to vertebral numbers) does the dura mater (and CSF-filled subarachnoid space) end?

A

S2-3

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37
Q

The two superior colliculi as well as the two inferior colliculi are collectively known as?

A

Corpora Quadrigemina

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38
Q

The superior colliculi are primarily involved in which process?

A

Vision

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39
Q

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is primarily involed with

A

Frontal Lobe

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40
Q

Structures which send information back and forth between the substantia nigra and the motor centers of the cerebral cortex?

A

Basal Nuclei

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41
Q

A part of the cerebral cortex that is involved with memory and addictive behavior?

A

Insula

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42
Q

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is involved with hearing, the sense of smell, learning, memory, visual recognition, and emotional behavior

A

Temporal Lobe

43
Q

A complex area of the brain that regulates emotions, learning, and gratification vs aversion?

A

Limbic System

44
Q

What structure of the brain regulates fine motor control & muscle coordination?

A

Cerebellum

45
Q

Damage to this part of the brain allows the patient to understand the words but does not allow them to speak them?

A

Broca’s Area

46
Q

Damage to this part of the brain causes the inability to recognize spoken & written language?

A

Wernicke’s Area

47
Q

A surgical procedure in which the prefrontal lobe is destroyed in order to alter criminally violent behavior?

A

Frontal Lobotomy

48
Q

Which embryonic structure will develop into the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata?

A

Rhomencephalon

49
Q

Damage to this part of the brain causes expressive or motor aphasia

A

Broca’s Area

50
Q

A term that indicates the loss of speech?

A

Aphasia

51
Q

In which part of the brain is Wernicke’s area found?

A

Parietal Lobe

52
Q

A tiny structure which sends inhibitory signals to stop muscle contractions when the muscle is over-stretch or stretched too quickly?

A

Golgi Tendon Organ

53
Q

Which lobe of the brain serves as the primary visual cortex?

A

Occipital Lobe

54
Q

What structure of the brain connects the cerebral cortex to “lower” centers of brain

A

Thalamus

55
Q

A type of aphasia in which the patient is unable to recognize spoken & written language?

A

Receptive Aphasia

56
Q

By what gestational age is the embryo when the neural groove becomes the neural tube?

A

4 weeks

57
Q

Which embryonic structure will develop into the hindbrain?

A

Rhomencephalon

58
Q

Which structure of the brain is the major regulator of the biological clock?

A

Pineal Gland

59
Q

Which embryonic structure will develip into the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland?

A

Dencephalon

60
Q

A tiny structure that allows the ability to evaluate potentially dangerous conditions?

A

Amygdaloid Body

61
Q

Which side of the brain tends to focus on rote memorization

A

Left

62
Q

Which structure of the limbic system plays an important role in memory?

A

Hippocampus

63
Q

A type of memory that may last for a few seconds?

A

Immediate

64
Q

Several structures in the brain that regulate muscle control for balance & posture, cardiac and vasomotor control, pain regulation, and the regulation of sleep/consciousness

A

Reticular Formation

65
Q

These brain waves are seen when the patient is mentally active and during sensory stimulation?

A

Beta Waves

66
Q

Which side of the brain tends to focus on language?

A

Left

67
Q

These brain waves are seen when the patient is awake, but resting or “day dreaming” with the eyes closed?

A

Alpha Waves

68
Q

Which embryonic structure will develop into the midbrain?

A

Mesencephalon

69
Q

Which side of the brain tends to focus on the artistic and musical aspects of human behavior?

A

Right

70
Q

The space just outside of the dura mater is known as?

A

Epidural

71
Q

Which embryonic structure will develop into the meduall oblongata

A

Myelencephalon

72
Q

Name the enlarge, inferior region of the spinal cord where the cord ends?

A

Conus Medularis

73
Q

These brain waves are seen awake infants and adults in deep sleep and they indicate serious brain damage in awake adults?

A

Delta Waves

74
Q

A series of new or modified synapses upon which memory is based is called?

A

Memory Trace

75
Q

A type of aphasia in which the patient understands words but does not have the motor skills to speak them?

A

Expressive or motor

76
Q

A repeated series of stimulations that cause memory to last a few hours is known as?

A

Tetanic Stimulation

77
Q

A type of memory that lasts long enough to carry out a particular task, then you forget it?

A

Working Memory

78
Q

What part of the brain connects hindbrain to forebrain?

A

Midbrain

79
Q

What structure of the brain regulates cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory functions?

A

Medulla Oblongatta

80
Q

A process in which neurons become so sensitive that they only need the slightest stimulation to fire

A

Posttetanic Potentiation

81
Q

A part of the cerebral cortex that is involved with language, taste, and visceral sensory info?

A

Insula

82
Q

A type of memory that may last your entire life time?

A

Long-Term

83
Q

The precentral gyrus serves as the “_____” _____” “______”?

A

Primary Motor Cortex

84
Q

The space between the middle and deepest layer of the meninges is known as?

A

Subarachnoid Space

85
Q

Which of the 4 colliculi are involved in vision?

A

Upper

86
Q

The process by which neurons are changed in such a manner (synapses, receptors, NT release, etc) that long-term memory results?

A

Long-Term Potentiation

87
Q

The process that makes it easier to evoke a particular pathway that calls up a certain memory?

A

Potentiation

88
Q

A condition caused if cerebrospinal fluid CSF leaks out allowing the brain will rest on floor of cranium causing an extremely painful headache?

A

Spinal Headache

89
Q

Which side of the brain tends to focus on math and logic?

A

Left

90
Q

A “regional” anesthetic, injected just outside of the dura mater, that effects local spinal nerves only and not the entire body is known as?

A

Epidural Block

91
Q

What structure of the brain regulates respiration, sleep, sensory functions, etc.

A

Pons

92
Q

The innermost layer of the meninges is known as?

A

Pia Mater

93
Q

Which structure of the brain controls planning, behavior, and emotions?

A

Prefrontal Cortex

94
Q

Which structures produce cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Choroid Plexuses

95
Q

The ability to add or remove synapses?

A

Synaptic Plasticity

96
Q

At what vertebral level (between which two vertebral numbers) does the spinal cord end?

A

L1-2

97
Q

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) may be associated with which structure that is associated with the biological clock?

A

Pineal Gland

98
Q

Which side of the brain tends to focus on intuition, emotion, and the artistic aspects of human behavior?

A

Right

99
Q

At what vertebral level (between which two vertebral numbers) is a spinal tap or lumbar puncture performed?

A

L3-4

100
Q

Which of the 4 colliculi are involved in hearing?

A

Lower

101
Q

A type of memory that may last from seconds to hours?

A

Short-Term

102
Q

The inferior colliculi are primarily involved in which process?

A

Hearing

103
Q

Which structures remove cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space?

A

Arachnoid Granulations

104
Q

Which embryonic structure will develop into the forebrain (cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland)?

A

Prosencephalon

Test 6/FINAL (4 decks)

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