Test 6/FINAL - Neuro II Flashcards
The thickest, outermost layer of the meninges is known as?
Dura Mater
Specifically, what part of the brain is damaged by Parkinson’s Disease?
substantia nigra
(blank)
Telencephalon
From which of the three primary germ layers is the brain derived?
Ectoderm
Which structure of the brain functions as the primary sensory cortex?
Postcentral gyrus
What structure of the brain produces “releasing” hormones which regulate the pituitary gland?
Hypothalamus
A tiny structure which causes a muscle to contract when it is stretch to prevent the muscle from being over-stretched?
Muscle Spindle
The postcentral gyrus serves as the “_____” “_____” “______”?
Primary Sensory Cortex
Which structure of the brain functions as the primary motor cortex?
Precentral gyrus
From which Primary Germ Layer does the nervous system develop?
Ectoderm
Once removed from the subarachnoid space, where is cerebrospinal fluid pumped?
Blood
What is the major hormone produced by the pineal gland during the day?
Serotonin
What structure of the brain serves as the major integration center for autonomic N.S.
Hypothalamus
The space within the meninges that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (cerebral spinal fluid) is known as?
Subarachnoid Space
In which part of the brain is Broca’s area found?
Prefrontal Cortex
Several structures in the brain that serve as the location for actions of general anesthetics (pain management)?
Reticular formation
What structure of the brain is the primary center for thermoregulation?
Hypothalamus
Specifically, which structure of the brain contains the substantia nigra?
Midbrain
What is the major hormone produced by the pineal gland during the night?
Melatonin
The middle layer of the meninges is known as?
Arachnoid Mater
What structure of the brain functions as the hunger control center?
Hypothalamus
What structure of the brain regulates sleep/wake cycles?
Hypothalamus
A term for all the outer coverings of the brain and spinal cord?
Meninges
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) may be associated with which structure that is associated with the biological clock?
Pineal Gland
A method in which stimuli occur so quickly that the neuron being stimulated becomes easier to fire?
Facilitation
Damage to this part of the brain causes receptive aphasia
Wernicke’s Area
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is associated with sensory reception, taste, and some vision?
Parietal Lobe
A procedure which allows the examination of various electrical circuits/events of the brain?
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
A process based on a series of new or modified synapses called the memory trace is known as?
Memory
The occipital lobe serves as the “_____” “______” “_______”?
Primary Visual Cortex
What structure of the brain functions as the thirst control center?
Hypothalamus
Which embryonic structure will develop into the cerebellum and pons?
Metencephalon
Which side of the brain tends to focus on visual and spatial skills?
Right
These brain waves are seen in children and sleeping adults and indicate stress when seen in awake adults?
Theta Waves
A condition in which the arachnoid granulation fail to remove enough cerebrospinal fluid resulting in its build up in the brains ventricular system?
Hydrocephalus
At what vertebral level (between which to vertebral numbers) does the dura mater (and CSF-filled subarachnoid space) end?
S2-3
The two superior colliculi as well as the two inferior colliculi are collectively known as?
Corpora Quadrigemina
The superior colliculi are primarily involved in which process?
Vision
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is primarily involed with
Frontal Lobe
Structures which send information back and forth between the substantia nigra and the motor centers of the cerebral cortex?
Basal Nuclei
A part of the cerebral cortex that is involved with memory and addictive behavior?
Insula
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is involved with hearing, the sense of smell, learning, memory, visual recognition, and emotional behavior
Temporal Lobe
A complex area of the brain that regulates emotions, learning, and gratification vs aversion?
Limbic System
What structure of the brain regulates fine motor control & muscle coordination?
Cerebellum
Damage to this part of the brain allows the patient to understand the words but does not allow them to speak them?
Broca’s Area
Damage to this part of the brain causes the inability to recognize spoken & written language?
Wernicke’s Area
A surgical procedure in which the prefrontal lobe is destroyed in order to alter criminally violent behavior?
Frontal Lobotomy
Which embryonic structure will develop into the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata?
Rhomencephalon
Damage to this part of the brain causes expressive or motor aphasia
Broca’s Area
A term that indicates the loss of speech?
Aphasia
In which part of the brain is Wernicke’s area found?
Parietal Lobe
A tiny structure which sends inhibitory signals to stop muscle contractions when the muscle is over-stretch or stretched too quickly?
Golgi Tendon Organ
Which lobe of the brain serves as the primary visual cortex?
Occipital Lobe
What structure of the brain connects the cerebral cortex to “lower” centers of brain
Thalamus
A type of aphasia in which the patient is unable to recognize spoken & written language?
Receptive Aphasia
By what gestational age is the embryo when the neural groove becomes the neural tube?
4 weeks
Which embryonic structure will develop into the hindbrain?
Rhomencephalon
Which structure of the brain is the major regulator of the biological clock?
Pineal Gland
Which embryonic structure will develip into the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland?
Dencephalon
A tiny structure that allows the ability to evaluate potentially dangerous conditions?
Amygdaloid Body
Which side of the brain tends to focus on rote memorization
Left
Which structure of the limbic system plays an important role in memory?
Hippocampus
A type of memory that may last for a few seconds?
Immediate
Several structures in the brain that regulate muscle control for balance & posture, cardiac and vasomotor control, pain regulation, and the regulation of sleep/consciousness
Reticular Formation
These brain waves are seen when the patient is mentally active and during sensory stimulation?
Beta Waves
Which side of the brain tends to focus on language?
Left
These brain waves are seen when the patient is awake, but resting or “day dreaming” with the eyes closed?
Alpha Waves
Which embryonic structure will develop into the midbrain?
Mesencephalon
Which side of the brain tends to focus on the artistic and musical aspects of human behavior?
Right
The space just outside of the dura mater is known as?
Epidural
Which embryonic structure will develop into the meduall oblongata
Myelencephalon
Name the enlarge, inferior region of the spinal cord where the cord ends?
Conus Medularis
These brain waves are seen awake infants and adults in deep sleep and they indicate serious brain damage in awake adults?
Delta Waves
A series of new or modified synapses upon which memory is based is called?
Memory Trace
A type of aphasia in which the patient understands words but does not have the motor skills to speak them?
Expressive or motor
A repeated series of stimulations that cause memory to last a few hours is known as?
Tetanic Stimulation
A type of memory that lasts long enough to carry out a particular task, then you forget it?
Working Memory
What part of the brain connects hindbrain to forebrain?
Midbrain
What structure of the brain regulates cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory functions?
Medulla Oblongatta
A process in which neurons become so sensitive that they only need the slightest stimulation to fire
Posttetanic Potentiation
A part of the cerebral cortex that is involved with language, taste, and visceral sensory info?
Insula
A type of memory that may last your entire life time?
Long-Term
The precentral gyrus serves as the “_____” _____” “______”?
Primary Motor Cortex
The space between the middle and deepest layer of the meninges is known as?
Subarachnoid Space
Which of the 4 colliculi are involved in vision?
Upper
The process by which neurons are changed in such a manner (synapses, receptors, NT release, etc) that long-term memory results?
Long-Term Potentiation
The process that makes it easier to evoke a particular pathway that calls up a certain memory?
Potentiation
A condition caused if cerebrospinal fluid CSF leaks out allowing the brain will rest on floor of cranium causing an extremely painful headache?
Spinal Headache
Which side of the brain tends to focus on math and logic?
Left
A “regional” anesthetic, injected just outside of the dura mater, that effects local spinal nerves only and not the entire body is known as?
Epidural Block
What structure of the brain regulates respiration, sleep, sensory functions, etc.
Pons
The innermost layer of the meninges is known as?
Pia Mater
Which structure of the brain controls planning, behavior, and emotions?
Prefrontal Cortex
Which structures produce cerebrospinal fluid?
Choroid Plexuses
The ability to add or remove synapses?
Synaptic Plasticity
At what vertebral level (between which two vertebral numbers) does the spinal cord end?
L1-2
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) may be associated with which structure that is associated with the biological clock?
Pineal Gland
Which side of the brain tends to focus on intuition, emotion, and the artistic aspects of human behavior?
Right
At what vertebral level (between which two vertebral numbers) is a spinal tap or lumbar puncture performed?
L3-4
Which of the 4 colliculi are involved in hearing?
Lower
A type of memory that may last from seconds to hours?
Short-Term
The inferior colliculi are primarily involved in which process?
Hearing
Which structures remove cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space?
Arachnoid Granulations
Which embryonic structure will develop into the forebrain (cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland)?
Prosencephalon
