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SEM IV - Advanced Rad Imaging > Test 6 - Final > Flashcards

Test 6 - Final Flashcards

0
Q

The tail of the breast is located along the medial aspect of the breast

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1
Q

The lymphatic vessels of the breast drain laterally into the Axillary lymph nodes

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2
Q

The lactiferous ducts drain milk from the lobes of the breast

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3
Q

Breast tissues change after involution as the glandular tissues are replaced with fatty tissues

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4
Q

The craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique are the standard exams for breast

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5
Q

The mediolateral oblique images requires the CR to pass thru the breast at an angle of 30-60 degrees

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6
Q

The pectoralis major is often demonstrated with the craniocaudal projection

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7
Q

The primary objective of compressing the breast for mammography is to produce uniform breast thickness

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8
Q

The radiopaque marker should be placed along the lateral side of the breast on a craniocaudal projection

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9
Q

A palpable mass should be identified with a radiopaque marker such as a bb on the breast overflying the mass

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10
Q

The max difference for the length of the posterior nipple line when comparing images of craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique positions is 0.3 inch (1cm)

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11
Q

The posterior nipple lines should be measured and compared between the craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique projections

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12
Q

The patient should be placed upright for the craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique projections

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13
Q

The mediolateral oblique demonstrates all breast tissue with an emphasis on the lateral aspect and axillary tail

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14
Q

The mediolateral projection requires that the central ray be moved to a horizontal position

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15
Q

The two projections that compromise the standard radiographic examination of the breasts are the Craniocaudal (CC) and Mediolateral oblique (MLO).

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16
Q

The radiopaque marker that indicates which breast is being examined in the CC projection should be placed on the lateral side of the breast near the patients’ axilla.

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17
Q

The quantity and type of filtration used in most mammography systems is 0.5 mm Mo.

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18
Q

The primary objective of compressing the breast in mammography is to produce uniform breast thickness from the nipple to the posterior most aspect of the breast.

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19
Q

The lymphatic vessels drain laterally into the axillary lymph nodes.

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20
Q

The lactiferous ducts drain milk from the lobes of the breast.

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21
Q

The tail of the breast is located along the LATERAL aspect of the breast and extends from the upper lateral base of the breasts into the axilla

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22
Q

The breast tissues change after involution and are replaced by fatty tissue.

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23
Q

The patient should be turned contralateral and be in the erect position for the CC and MLO projections.

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24
Q

The muscle often demonstrated in the CC position is the Pectoralis major.

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25
Q

The position that requires the central ray pass through the breast at an angle of 30 – 60 degrees is the MLO.

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26
Q

The projection that demonstrates all the breast tissue with an emphasis on the lateral aspect and the axillary tail is the MLO.

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27
Q

The radiographer should identify the location of a palpable mass with a BB marker.

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28
Q

The method used to image the breasts of women who have had implants is the Eklund

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29
Q

A diagnostic Mammogram is ordered when a patient presents with symptoms such as a nipple discharge

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30
Q

A breast mass appear white on the mammographic image

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31
Q

Mineral deposits in the breast that may be caused by dried up secretions, trauma or reabsorbed blood cells are called calcifications

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32
Q

Most breast cancers are found in the upper outer quadrant of the breast

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33
Q

For DEXA examinations of the proximal femur, the technologist should rotate the hip 15-25 degrees medially to ensure the lesser trochanter is small and round and barely visible.

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34
Q

Bone densitometry encompasses mineral density measuring bone mineral content & bone

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35
Q

Previous fracture secondary to minimal trauma is an indication to have a bone densitometry exam

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36
Q

Nontraumatic fractures resulting from low bone mass are termed fragility fracture

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37
Q

Z-score measures (BMD) bone mineral density compared to what is expected of a person within the patient’s peer group

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38
Q

The 1 yr. mortality rate after a hip fracture is one in five

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39
Q

DEXA measures x-ray attenuation at two different x-ray photon (KV) energies

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40
Q

The relative rates of bone resorption and formation determine whether bone mass increase, decreases or remains the same

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41
Q

Maximum bone mass usually achieved between 20-30 yrs. of age

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42
Q

Bone densitometry is a general term encompassing the art and science of measuring bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD).

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43
Q

Pregnancy is a contraindication to having a bone densitometry exam.

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44
Q

For a routine bone densitometry scan, the effective dose to the patient is less than .5 mRem.

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45
Q

DEXA measures the x-ray attenuation of bone alone by scanning the patient at two different x-ray photon (KV) energies and subtracting the soft tissue values.

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46
Q

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue.

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47
Q

The AP upright thoracolumbar spine best demonstrates scoliosis

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48
Q

The sialographic projection that demonstrates parotid and submandibular glands is the lateral projection

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49
Q

The two imaging modalities that have greatly reduced the frequency of sailography are CT and MRI

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50
Q

The smallest salivary glands are the sublingual

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51
Q

The pharynx is the musculomembranous tubular structure located in from of the vertebrae and behind the nose, mouth and larynx

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52
Q

The largest cerebral structure is the cerebrum

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53
Q

CT is generally used first to diagnose craniocerebral trauma

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54
Q

The cerebrum is also referred to as the forebrain

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55
Q

The lateral ventricles is easily seen on a CT image of the cranium due to the dark appearance of CSF circulating through them

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56
Q

The tangential projection directs the CR along the mandibular ramus

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57
Q

The cerebrum is divided into right and left hemispheres by a longitudinal fissure

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58
Q

The cerebellum is also referred to as the forebrain

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59
Q

The dorsal decubitus demonstrates free air or fluid levels in a neonate

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60
Q

The proper position of the map for the right lateral decubitus of the chest is verticle

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61
Q

Recumbent lateral projection is performed to demonstrate the anterior and posterior walls of the bladder

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62
Q

The purpose of tilting the table 10-15 degrees Trandelenburg is to prevent contrast from escaping the kidneys

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63
Q

When doing an AP axial oblique for c-spine on a supine trauma patient a 45 degree lateromedial angle should be used

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64
Q

A transcatheter embolization involves the use of various substances to occlude or drastically reduce blood flow within a vessel

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65
Q

Kyphoplasty uses a balloon catheter to expand a collapsed vertebrae before injecting cement

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66
Q

The output phosphor or crystal of the image intensifier is composed of zinc cadmium sulfide

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67
Q

Image intensified fluoro is performed at illumination levels similar to radiograph viewing

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68
Q

Electrons hit the output phosphor after exiting the anode

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69
Q

The brightness gain is the product of the minification gain and flux gain

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70
Q

The ratio of X-rays incident on the input phosphor to light photons exiting the output phosphor is called flux gain

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71
Q

The capability of an image intensifier to increase the illumination level of the image is called brightness gain

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72
Q

Television monitoring allows brightness and contrast to be controlled electronically

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73
Q

The anatomic scan range for a basic head ct is from the base of the skull to the vertex of the head

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74
Q

The amount of blurring in a CT is termed spatial resolution

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75
Q

Slice thickness, table index, and radiographic technique factors can be selected at the operators console

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76
Q

X-ray tubes used in advanced CT scanners can tolerate 4-5 MHU

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SEM IV - Advanced Rad Imaging (6 decks)

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