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History > Test 6/9 > Flashcards

Test 6/9 Flashcards

1
Q

Seven states before war, formed the _________ on..

A

South Carolina, Mississippi, Geogia, Alabama, Florida, Texas, Louisiana
formed Confederate States on Feb 4 1861

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2
Q

when was Lincoln’s inauguration?

A

march 4 1861

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3
Q

by lincoln inauguration how many southern forts were left? which was the most important?

A

2; South carolina’s fort sumter, island in Charleston harbor

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4
Q

when did Jefferson Davis declare war

A

fort sumter, April 12

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5
Q

succession after Fort Sumter

A

VA(most populized/industrialized in south)
Arkansas
Tennessee
N. Carolina

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6
Q

southern states who stayed

A

maryland
delaware
missouri
kentucky

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7
Q

Military resources n vs s

A

n had more fighting power, factories, naval ship tonnage

s had little firearms

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8
Q

population n vs s

A

n 21M

s 8M

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9
Q

leadership n vs s

A

n lincoln was patient, good, skillful

s first rate generals (resistance to centralization of gov)

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10
Q

cash crop to fund war

n vs s

A

n iron production

s cotton

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11
Q

motivation n vs s

A

n saw war as struggle to preserve union

s highy motivated to defend homeland

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12
Q

anaconda plan

A
  1. union blockades southern ports so south wont export cotton, import manufactured goods
  2. union riverboats/armies move down Miss. River and split confederacy to avoid transport of goods
  3. union armies capture capital at richmond, VA
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13
Q

souths stradegy

A

survive as nation, defensive

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14
Q

fort sumter outcome

A

south carolinians bombarded; anderson surrendered

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15
Q

bull run

A

july 21
inexperienced union soldiers marched toward richmond, bumped into inexperienced confederates near little creek of Bull Run
in morning union had upper hand, but conf (led by thomas j jackson) held firm
in afternoon, conf reinforcements arrived, won
union retreated to capital

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16
Q

george mcclellan

A

appointee by lincoln to lead union, near washington dc

  • too cautious, after 5 months of training, wanted more men
  • after winter led potomac army to richmond
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17
Q

General Ulysses S Grant

A

led union army to invade western tennesse in feb 1862

-captured fort henry on TN river and Fort Donelson on Cumberland River (takes nashville)

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18
Q

shiloh

A

late march 1862 grant gathered troops near TN church named Shiloh, close to MI river, april 6: conf surprised union, union called reinforcements and counterattacked following day, south retreated

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19
Q

what did battle of shiloh teach

A

generals had to send out scouts, dig trenches, and build fortifications

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20
Q

david G Farragut

A

led 40 ships in Lousiana, assigned to seize new orleans,

-took over Baton Rouge and Natchez on miss river

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21
Q

new type of war machine that helped grant and farrgut in west

A

ironclad ship

  • break wooden ships
  • withstand cannon fire
  • resist burning
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22
Q

ironclad battle

A 
N's Monitor and S's Merrimack fought
unions's merrimack had sunk but south recovered it
merrimack attacked 3 wooden union ships
monitor engaged conf vessel
battle was draw
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23
Q

new weapons

A

rifle- more accurate, quicker to load
minie ball- soft lead bullet was more destructive
-hand grenades and land mines

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24
Q

effect of new weapons

A

more people killed, greater adv on mass infantry attacks

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25
Q

who did mcclellan bump into on his first travel to richmond

A

conf army by general joseph johnston, who got wounded, so army passed to Robert Lee (seven days battle)

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26
Q

robert lee

A

opposed succession but declined union offer, followed VA,

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27
Q

conclusions made from victory at bull run

A

more training
war wont be short/easy
long term strategy needed

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28
Q

significance of grants control on fort henry and donelson

A

union controls western entrances to TN rivers from miss. river and ohio r

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29
Q

remaining conf forts on Miss river

A

vicksburg, Miss and port hudson, Louisiana

30
Q

7 days battle

A

june 25 1862-july 1

mcclellan tries to take richmond but fails repeatedly and retreats

31
Q

second bull run

A

lee moved against norths capital
-won at bull run
crossed potomac into maryland

32
Q

what stroke of luck did mcclellan get

A

found copy of Lee’s army orders, plan revealed lee and jackson were separated atm

33
Q

Antietam, maryland

A

bloodiest single day
sept 17
no clear winner but Lee retreats to south so union claims victory
mcclellan fails todestroy lee, is fired in nov

34
Q

emancipation proclamation

A

jan 1 1863
applied only to areas behind conf lines, outside union control,
didnt applyqqa to southern territory controlled by union/ states that hadnt succeeded

35
Q

whats happening in the west during july- december 1862

A

grant attemots to take vicksburg, miss

36
Q

why wasnt Britain dependent on souther cotton anymore?

A

britain accumulated its own huge cotton inventory
found source of cotton in Egypt and india
when their wheat crop failed, northern wheat and corn replaced cotton
britian stayed neutral

37
Q

the trent affair

A

fall of 1861 conf sent James Mason and John Slidell to gain british/French support
traveled on Trent ship
Charles Wilkes of american warship San Jacinto stopped Trent and arrested two men
Britain threatened war and send 8k to canada
Lincoln released men

38
Q

emancipation proclamation significance

A

gave high moral purpose by turning struggle into fight to free slaves
free blacks enlisted in army
views
-stopped england from helping south

39
Q

views on emancipation proc

A

democrats claimed it would prolong war
union soldiers accepted it, had no love for african am. but would support to reunify nation
conf. were outraged, more determined to fight

40
Q

haveas corpus

A

court order that requires authorities to bring a person held in jail to court to determine why they’re being jailed
(lincoln suspended these to deal with dessent)

41
Q

copperheads

A

northern democrats who advocated peace with south

many arrested

42
Q

most famous copperhead

A

congressmen clement vallandigham was convicted by military court for urging union soldiers to desert and advocated an armistice(stop war)

43
Q

what did jefferson davis do after lincolns suspension of civil liberties

A

in 1862 he also suspended habeas corpus in confederacy

44
Q

long term effects of suspension of harb. corpus

effect on lincoln

A

in future presidents use war as reason to expand powers of the executive branch

supreme court saw it unconstitutional and hurt his political image

45
Q

conscription

A

draft that forced population to serve in army

confederacy passed in 1862, union followed in 1863

46
Q

draft laws in conf and union

A

conf drafted all able-bodied white men from ages 18-35 90% of eligible men
rich bought in subs
if owner had more than 20 slaves they were exempted
Union drafted white men from 20-45 for 3 years
subs accepted

47
Q

riot in NYC

A

poor white workers (irish immigrants) saw it unfair to fight war to free slaves
feared blacks would compete for their jobs
mobs burned draft offices, union troops stepped in to stop

48
Q

african american soldiers

A

suffered discrimination
served in seperate regiments
earned $10& no clothing allowance, whites $13
death rate higher

49
Q

fort pillow, TN

A

1864 massacre; conf killed 200 african a prisoners n some whites

50
Q

what did fearful southerners do concerning slave resistance and possible slave uprising

A

tightened slave patrol
spread bad rumors about union troops behavior to runaways
slave resist. weakened plantation system

51
Q

civil war economic effects

A

south- inflation, new fed tax
north- expanded, armys need for uniforms, guns supported industries
but wages didnt keep up w prices, standard of living declined
sale of reaper

52
Q

why did south face food shortage

A
  1. drain of manpower into army
  2. union occupation of food growing areas
  3. loss of slaves
53
Q

union blockade impact

A

confederates smuggled cotton into north in exchnaged for food, gold, etc

54
Q

how did congress decide to pay for war

A

enacted tax law that authorized nations first income tax, takes percentage of workers income

55
Q

uS sanitary commission

A
  1. improve hygienic conditions of army camps

2. recruit/train nurses

56
Q

clara barton

A

union nurse cared for injured at front lines

57
Q

worst conf prison

A

in Andersonville, GA

58
Q

chancellorsville, VA

A

union try attacking richmond but its south victory

59
Q

gettysburg, PA

A

union was on Cemetary Ridge, high ground south of gettysburg (seige)
goals: conf force union to leave vicksburg to defend PA, win and negotiate for peace
after battle, lee gave up on invading north and retreated

60
Q

gettysburg seige

A 
union wanted to defeat last conf stronghold on miss riv
to control supply lines/transportation 
conf surrender
union controls miss riv traffic
conf cut in two
61
Q

gettysburg address

A

“remade america”

62
Q

william tecumseh sherman n grant

A

believed in total war
plan was: immoblize lee in VA while sherman raded GA
battle after battles

63
Q

fredericksburg, va

A

union defeated by conf lee in another failed attempt to capture richmond

64
Q

conf surrender

A

april 9 1865 Appomattox court house in va

65
Q

national bank act of 1863

A

set up system of federally chartered banks

66
Q

13th amendment

A

abolished slavery

67
Q

red cross

A

founded by clara barton

68
Q

john wilkes booth

A

lincolns assasin

69
Q

chattanooga, tn

A

union controlled key railroad in tn and river transp; set to invade GA
union victory

70
Q

election 1864

A

abraham - demo
mcclellan - rep
john fremont - radical republican
lincoln wins after GA take over, fremont drops out

71
Q

long term legacies of war

A

increase in fed gov power
expanded role of fed gov in aiding big business
rise of large scale agriculture

History (6 decks)

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