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History > Finals > Flashcards

Finals Flashcards

1
Q

Election of 1800

A

Jefferson (rep) defeated John Adams (federalist) in electoral votes but Aaron Burr tied w Jefferson but then Alexander Hamilton persuaded feds to let jefferson win

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2
Q

Lousiana Purchase

A

France gave Spain territoy but spain gave it back (US scared it’s force us into alliance w Britain)
Jeff. Sent J. Monroe to france for New orleans and western FL but received all of it for $15M bc france failed to gain Haiti and US doubled

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3
Q

Who won the 1800 election

A

Thomas jefferson (dem. REPUBLICAN)

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4
Q

Embargo of 1807

A

Britain fighting France
France excluded Britain from european trade, Britain blockaded ports (seized american ships, impressment, chesapeake incident) but embargo hurt america more than britain so they lifted ban on foreign trade except britain and france

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5
Q

Causes if the war of 1812

A

British impressment of US sailors
Major British interference with US shipping
British aid to native Americans fighting US in northwestern terr
Warhawks in Congress desire more land in Canada

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6
Q

War of 1812

A

After battles, both tired of fighting, sign Treaty of Ghent (christmas eve 1814) in belgium to end it
After war, andrew jackson defeats britain in new orleans and america thinks they won

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7
Q

War of 1812 outcomes

A

1815 Commercial Treaty to restart trade between two
1817 Rush Bagot agreement limits number of warships on Great Lakes
1818 a joint British-US Commision sets border between Lou. Terr. And canada (49th parallel)
1818 joint occupation of oregon territory for 10 years

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8
Q

Marbury vs Madison

A

William Marbury was midnight judge who sued J Madison who didnt deliver papers

  • chief Justice John Marshall (federalist) declared Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional
  • gave feds power of judicial review (determining constitutionality of laws)
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9
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

Machines replaced hand tools
Factory system made mass production
-interchangeable parts (parts that are alike)

Town of Lowell had weaving factory, mechanizing all stages of cloth

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10
Q

What caused america to turn in direction of domestic industries

A

Jefferson embargo Act of 1807 and the war of 1812

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11
Q

South during industrial rev

A

Didnt want to industrialize

Huge profits from cotton

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12
Q

Cotton gin

A

Invented by eli whitney(1783) helped south make easier cotton, more slaves put to work

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13
Q

Northwestern economy in early 1800s

A

Dominated by grain and livestock production for markets

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14
Q

American system

A

By president James Madison in 1815, promoted by House Speaker henry clay

  • building transportation network of roads/canals to speed movement of goods/people
  • high tariffs on imported manufactured goods to encourage people to buy American goods and help pay for roads
  • create national bank
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15
Q

Purpose of the american system

A

Unify nation by making 3 regions interdependent

Make US economically independent from Britain

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16
Q

Tariff of 1816 and Second Bank of US 1816

A

People in south and west didnt support as much

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17
Q

Election of 1816/ Era of Good feelings

A

James Monroe of VA won
Took tour in new england recieved a warm welcome
Significant that republican welcomed in federalist area impressed nation (era of good feelings

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18
Q

Mulloch vs Maryland

A

Maryland levied tax on bank of the US, hoping to make it fail
John Marshall denied right of maryland to tax bank
Put national gov over state gov

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19
Q

Nationalism

A

Belief that national interests should be put above regional concerns or interests of other countries

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20
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

President madison warned all outside powers not to interfere w Western Hemisphere and the US wouldnt get involved in european affairs

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21
Q

What caused the monroe doctrine

A

Europe wanted to reclaim land in latin america and russia was establishing ports in CA; posed threat to trade w china

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22
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

North and south fought for power in senate
Maine admitted as free state and Missouri as slave
South of line was proslavery and north was antislavery

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23
Q

Election of 1824

A

Andrew Jackson won by popular vote not electoral votes so House had to decide, Henry disliked Jackson so he swung the win to john quincy adams
Jacksonians left republican party to form the democratic republican party

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24
Q

Andrew jacksons presidency

A

States eased voting requirements
Voting tripled
Won by landslide

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25
Q

Spoils system

A

Incoming officials replaced former employees with friends and family; but were inexperienced

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26
Q

Indian removal act

A

Forced native americans to move west

Cherokee tried help from legal system but john marshall refused bc they were a legitimate nation/state

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27
Q

Worcester vs Georgia

A

John marshall ruled georgia not entitled to force them out but jackson refused to enforce it

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28
Q

Trail of tears

A

President martin van burren called us army to force native americans into west, on journey many died and were buried on tear of trails

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29
Q

Tariff of 1832

A

Congress passed tariff that s carolina thought was unconstitutional, they threatened to succeed
Jackson was angry that they disregarded the will of the people as said in const.

30
Q

How was s carolinas threat to succeed avoided

A

Henry clay proposed tariff bill that’d gradually lower tax over 10 year period

31
Q

Jackson and the Bank of US

A

In 1832, vetoed bill to recharter bank bc it had unfair adv over other banks

  • favored upperclass/congressmen not average citizens
  • gov funds were put in pet banks and BUS died
32
Q

Whig Party

A

Against jackson

William Henry Harrison won presidency but died so John Tyler took over, he opposed Whigs😂

33
Q

Panic of 1837

A

Bank closings

1/3 unemployed

34
Q

Second great awakening

A

Charles gardison finney opposed belief of predetermined salvation

  • revivals took place
  • churches started including blacks too
35
Q

Transcendentalism

A

Led by ralph Emerson- movement that emphasized simple life and nature/emotions
Thoreau lived out and urged civil disobedience (peaceful resistance)

36
Q

Unitarianism

A

Emphasized reason/appeals to conscience

37
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

Visited jail that housed mentally ill people; persuaded 9 states to build hospitals for them

38
Q

Education 1830s

A

Americans demandes tax paid schools

Taxpayers opposes since theyre kids went to private schools and germans didnt want their kids forgetting language

39
Q

Horace Mann

A

Established teacher training programs and institutes curriculum reforms

40
Q

William Llyod Garrison

A

Most radical white abolitionist

Had “the liberator” to express immediate emancipation

41
Q

David walker

A

An appeal to the colored people of the world

-wanted to act for abolition not wait

42
Q

Cotton Impact on southern cities

A

White workers left to farm and slaves were in demand as city workers

43
Q

Whites reaction to revolts

A

Believed education/privilege inspired revolt so they tightened controls (slave codes) denied right to vote, own land, etc

44
Q

Temperance movement

A

Effort to prohibit alcohol

45
Q

Seneca falls, NY

A

Elizabeth stanton and lucretia mott held womens rights convention
-declaration of sentiments

46
Q

Sojourner truth

A

Traveled, preaching

47
Q

Market revolution

A

People bought and sold goods instead of making them for themselves
Goods/services multiplied, incomes rose

48
Q

Impact of transportation

A

Shipped goods to markets

Steamboat went UP rivers not just down

49
Q

Manifest destiny

A

Belief that God wanted US to expand to pacific ocean and mexican terr

50
Q

Mormons/Mormon trail

A

Moved weat; reached great salt lakes

-irrigated fields and farmed

51
Q

TX tension

A

Anglos were english speaking Protestants
-brought slavery
Mexico put tax on importation of american goods

52
Q

Stephen Austin & war w texas

A

Sold land grants
Wanted self gov for TX
Texans drove santa anas army from Alamo but santa ana went back and destroyed it and won at Goliad
Led by sam houston tx won at Battle of san jac.

53
Q

Treaty of velasco

A

Gave INDEPENDENCE to TX

54
Q

What did polk Believe the war with Mexico would bring

A

TX new mex n CA

55
Q

Mexican war

A

Polk sent zach taylor to blockade rio grande and fremont went thru CA
Treaty if guadaloupe ended it;us paid $15M forCalifornia, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, most of Arizona, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming

56
Q

Wilmot proviso

A

Prohibited slavery in lands gained from Mexico

57
Q

Territory probs after war

A

CA statehood

  • abolition slavery in district of colombia
  • enforce fugitive slave act
  • slavery in new terr
58
Q

Comp of 1850

A 
CA comes in as free
Utah and new mex decide on slavery
Sale of slavery banned in capital
Fugitive slave act
TX paid $10 by fed gov to surrenser New mex claim
59
Q

Kansas-nebraska act

A

divide the area into two territories: Nebraska in the north and Kansas in the south

  • repeal the Missouri Compromise
  • establish popular sovereignty for both territories.
60
Q

Bleeding kansas

A

Missouri ruffians illegally stuffed ballots
Antislavery settlers in Lawrence but army burns down
-john browns Pottawatomie massacre

61
Q

Nativism

A

the favoring of native-born Americans over immigrants

62
Q

Parties in 1850s

A

American party (know nothings) anti immigrant/catholic
Republican party anti slavery, anti immigrant/catholic
Demo. Wanted to limit national gov
Expansion of slavery
Free soil party- against slavery expansion, objected to slavery takin whites jobs

63
Q

Dred scott case

A

Slave was taken north for four years, and went back to missouri where owner died
-court rules slaves didnt have rights
MI comp is unconstitutional
-couldnt ban slavery anywhere

64
Q

Scalawags

A

Insulting name confeds called southerners who joined rep party

65
Q

Carpetbagger

A

Insult name confeds gave northerners who came to south after civil war

66
Q

Freedmen

A

Freed african a and former slaves

67
Q

Johnsons reconstruction plan

A

Goal: restore union and allow old confed leaders to return to power

68
Q

South resistance to johnsons plan

A

Black codes passed
KKK and other white groups organize
Race riots

69
Q

The end of reconstruction

A

The backdrop- in north, railroad/industrial expansion

In south- bussiness pressured republicans to give up reconst. To promote capital investment and dev in south

70
Q

Election if 1876

A

Samuel tilden (dem) won pop vote over rutherford hayes (rep) but no electoral votes, votes sent bCK but were illegal since white dem violence keot reps from voting, congress commity(rep) gave all votes to Hayes

71
Q

Compromise of 1877

A

Gov invest millions in south for railroads and shipping and union troops would leave south

72
Q

Lincolns recons plan and criticism

A

Unify nation
End slavery
Radical repubs in confress wanted to punish south; disliked

History (6 decks)

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