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History > Test 3/16 > Flashcards

Test 3/16 Flashcards

0
Q

What is the overall theme of these four Supreme Court decisions?

A

The US Supreme Court in the early 1800s consistently supported national power over state power
Nationalism over sectionalism

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1
Q

Gibbons vs Ogden

A

Ogdens exclusive license to run steamboat service between NY and NJ was not legal bc..
-state govs do not have power to regulate Interstate commerce, only fed gov has

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2
Q

The Steamboat Case

A

Aaron Ogden got a license from NY state to run a NY-NJ steamboat service on The Hudson river
Thomas gibbons starting a competing NY-NJ steamboat line
Ogden sued in NY state court, saying he had an EXCLUSIVE license from the State to operate his steamboat line, he won

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3
Q

McCulloch vs Maryland

A

In Chief Justice John Marshalls decision he ruled
-bank of the US is constitutional since it was created by the national government (Congress) states cannot destroy it because…
National gov laws (fed laws) are supreme over state laws

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4
Q

Dartmouth vs woodward

A

New Hampshire could not force a

  • revision of the existing dartmouth college charter
  • A charter is a contract and states cannot interfere with contracts
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5
Q

Fletcher vs Peck

A

US supreme court nullified a georgia law that infringed on the contract rights of land owners because..
-it is unconstitutional for states to interfere with contracts

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6
Q

Samuel Slater

A

Built a mill (textile factory) in rhode island (first in america to spin wool or cotton into thread 1793

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7
Q

Eli whitney

A

Demonstrated first musket made of interchangeable parts, parts that are exactly alike. Made musket by hand
-first steps toward developing tools w which unskilled workers could make uniform parts

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8
Q

Where were most goods, clothes, etc made before the industrial evolution

A

At home, small shops

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9
Q

Industrial revolution

A

Social and economic re-organization that took place as machines replaced handtools and large scale factory production developed

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10
Q

I.R Britain 1700s

A

Inventors found ways to generate power using swiftly flowing streams and large supplies of coal
-then developed power driven machinery to use to quickly mass produce goods such as textiles
When factories succeeded owners built more

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11
Q

Who first built factories

A

British merchants

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12
Q

What was the primary source of income in America after war of independence

A

International trade not manufactoring

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13
Q

Farms and plantations produced ___ such as ___ & ___ which were_____

A

Produced agricultural products such as grain and tobacco which were shipped to britain, southern europe, and west indies

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14
Q

What events turned the attention of Americans toward the development of domestic industries

A

Jeffersons embargo: prohibited americans from shipping good to europe & stopped foreign trade

War of 1812: the british navy blockaded much of coastline w shios unable to get into or out of us harbors, americans had to invest capital in stuff other than overseas shipping

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15
Q

What was the problem with Samuel Slater’s textile factory

A

It only mass produced thread

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16
Q

Machines used in early textile factories

A

Spinning Jenny spun cotton or wool into thread.

Power loom wove thread into cloth

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17
Q

First weaving factory

What could machines do?!

A

1813 three bostonians; francis cabot lowell, nathan appleton, and patrick tracy johnson in massschusetts
machines spun thread and weaves cloth

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18
Q

By late 1820s what town became booming manufacturing center

A

Lowell

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19
Q

Why did young women come to Lowell Town?

A

Their families farms were in decline- journeyed there in search of work

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20
Q

Northeasterners invested in

A

Factories and manufacturing operations

cash crops did not grow well in the northern soil and climate

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21
Q

How had southerners made profits by the mid 1790s that distinguished them from the north

A

Had begun to make huge profits from cotton, didn’t want to industrialize

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22
Q

Agriculture in the north

A

didn’t eliminated agriculture however growth of cities encourage farmers to have smaller farms to grow little labor required crops

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23
Q

States in northwest

A

Ohio River Ohio Indiana Illinois Wisconsin and Michigan

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24
Q

Northwest economy after war of 1812

A

Raise crops and livestock then sold at markets

25
Q

Where was there least demand for slavery

A

Northeast has smaller than northwest bc crops as corn didnt need lots of work

By late 1700s slavery in north was dying

26
Q

What did eli whitney invent

A

Cotton gin- in 1793 helped set south on diff course from north
-made it possible for southern farmers to grow short staple cotton since it was easy to grow but hard to clean (gin took seeds out fast)

27
Q

Where did poor non slave holders farmers claim land with the cotton gin

A

Area between Appalachians and the Mississippi south of Ohio to begin cultivating this cash crop

28
Q

Cotton Kingdom

A

Louisiana Mississippi and Alabama 1820

29
Q

What expanded slavery

A

The Cottongin since it was in more of a demand from Britain and the north

30
Q

What happened to the price of cotton after the cotton gin

A

The price went down because there was more of it

31
Q

The American system

A

By Pres. Madison in 1815 to congress
-develop transportation system (roads/canal) to speed movement of goods and people from one region to another
-hi tariffs on imported manufactured goods to encourage people to buy American goods and to help pay for transportation
-create second national Bank to provide loans to businesses and provide a current that would be excepted throughout the country
House Speaker Henry Clay promoted it

32
Q

What were the two methods used in 1790 by Eli Whitney to improve production in a musket factory

A

Interchangeable parts and division of labor

33
Q

Examples of goods that might be mass produced in factories in the 1800s

A

Furniture Hammer axes plows hoes etc.

34
Q

Northeast economy

A

Produced manufactured goods

Begins to be dominated by factory based manufacturing

35
Q

South economy

A

Produced grain, meat and cotton for the north

Became dependent on slavery based production of cotton

36
Q

What potential problems might merge with the development of these three different economies

A

The national unity of the country would break

37
Q

Purpose of American system

A

Unify the nation and make independent of Europe

38
Q

Parts of American system made by federal gov

A

National Road in 1811 , by 1838 the new Road extended from Maryland to Illinois

  • 1816 Second bank of United States is given a charter by Congress to operate for 20 years
  • tarriff of 1816’s passed by Congress
39
Q

States and private actions that supported goals of American system

A

Building of turnpikes
Erie canal completed by 1825. NY funded link lake Erie to Hudson river therefore ultimately linked the Great Lakes to the Atlantic ocean via the Hudson river and New York Harbor
-3000 miles of other canals built by 1837

40
Q

Why were there tariffs on imports

A

British goods were sold far below the cost of Americans merchandise

41
Q

How did regions feel about Tarriff

A

Northeastern were happy but south and west we’re not because they did not depend on manufacturing

42
Q

Who was elected the president in 1816

A

James Monroe of Virginia

43
Q

How was Monroe welcomed in new England

A

Happily, declared Americans entered an era of good feelings

44
Q

What is nationalism

A

Belief that national interest should be placed ahead of regional concerns or interest or other countries

45
Q

What was so significant about the 1807 cruise of the Claremont from New York City to Albany

A

A successful steam engine cruised miles up the Hudson river marking the beginning of the Steamboat era

46
Q

What did the steamboat do for the next 20 years

A

Helped unite the economic life of the north and south, grew national spirit

47
Q

1817 rush ballot treaty

A

Reduce the Great Lakes fleet of both countries to only a few military vessels and lead US and Canada to demilitarized their common border

48
Q

Convention of 1818

A

Fixed US border at 49th parallel up to Rocky Mts, reached compromise to jointly occupy oregon territory, west of rockies for ten years

49
Q

Adams onis treaty

A

1819 Spain ceded Florida to US and gave up claims to Oregon territory

50
Q

What was happening in Latin America during the early 1800s

A

Latin america had independence

51
Q

What did the US fear Europe might do in latin America

A

Feared Europe would gain economic control of Latin nations and reclaim former colonies

52
Q

What specific threats did russia pose to US in North America

A

Russians in Alaska were establishing trading posts in California; posed threat to American trade with China

53
Q

What interests did some Americans have in territories in latin America and the Caribbean

A

Interesting in acquiring Mexico and the Spanish colony of Cuba

54
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

Monroe warned not interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere, not create any new colonies or overthrow the newly independent republics in the hemisphere
-US would not involve in European affairs or interfere with existing colonies in western hemisphere

55
Q

What was the most important reason for Americans to move west

A

They went in search of economic gain-For land wasn’t only plentiful but cheap

56
Q

By 1818 how many slave and free states were there

A

11 each

57
Q

Why did Southerners care about the balance between free and slave states

A

want to keep power in the Senate since they lost power in the House of Representatives and he wanted to prevent any attempt to end slavery

58
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

Maine became free state and missouri a slave state keep balance in senate, the rest of louisiana territory was split into two spheres of interest, one for slaveholders and one for free settlers,

59
Q

What caused america to turn in direction of domestic industries

A

Thomas Jefferson’s embargo act of 1807 and the war of 1812

History (6 decks)

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