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Earth and Space Science > TEST 6 > Flashcards

TEST 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the upper layers of ground stripped away by surface mining?

A

Overburden

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2
Q

What is the narrow zone of active volcanoes that encircle the Pacific Basin?

A

Ring of Fire

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3
Q

What type of weathering involves the breaking or peeling away of rock into layers?

A

Exfoliation

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4
Q

Man is as classified as

A

Homo sapiens

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5
Q

What is the land that borders a river and is covered by water in flood time?

A

Floodplain

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6
Q

What is a volcano made of volcanic ash and rock fragments held together loosely?

A

Cinder-cone volcano

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7
Q

What type of mountain formed when rocks on one side of a fault were forced upward and the rocks on the other side were forced downward?

A

Fault-block

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8
Q

What are glaciers that extend into the ocean without breaking?

A

Ice shelves

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9
Q

What is the amount of matter in an object?

A

Mass

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10
Q

What is an alloy of iron and carbon?

A

Steel

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11
Q

What is the resistance of a smooth surface of a mineral to being scratched?

A

Hardness

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12
Q

What is the sudden appearance of life in the fossil record called?

A

Cambrian Explosion

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13
Q

What plant food element promotes the ripening of fruits?

A

Phosphorus

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14
Q

What are the crystalline substances found naturally in the earth?

A

Minerals

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15
Q

What is lava that hardens in rough, jagged rocks with a crumbly or blocky layer called?

A

aa Lava

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16
Q

What is the largest group of minerals which compose over 90% or the earth’s crust?

A

Silicates

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17
Q

Which australopithecine was known as upright man?

A

Homo Erectus

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18
Q

What is the upper surface of ground water?

A

Water Table

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19
Q

What is the fan shaped deposit of sediments at the mouth of a river called?

A

Delta

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20
Q

What deep sea fish living fossil was once thought to be the ancestor of the first amphibians?

A

Coelacanth

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21
Q

Sandy, gently sloping underwater plain near a continent?

A

Continental Shelf

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22
Q

A huge level region of the deep ocean floor

A

Abyssal Plain

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23
Q

Underwater mountain Range

A

Mid-oceanic Ridge

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24
Q

A pool of shallow salty water at the center of an atoll

A

Lagoon

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25
Q

One of the deep depressions in the earth’s surface where the oceans are contained.

A

Ocean Basin

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26
Q

Large fissure in the continental shelf

A

Submarine Canyon

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27
Q

Underwater mountain

A

Seamount

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28
Q

One of the huge muddy valleys that cut through portions of the abyssal plain

A

Trench

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29
Q

Beginning marked by shelf break

A

Continental Slope

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30
Q

Rythymic back and forth motions of water that transfer energy are called

A

Waves

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31
Q

78% of the salt in the ocean is

A

Sodium Chloride

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32
Q

Crystals are characterized by many flat surfaces called

A

Faces

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33
Q

Gentle rolling waves that appear even in calm weather are

A

Ocean Swells

34
Q

Oceanographers collect water samples from the ocean depths using

A

Niskin Bottles

35
Q

The revolutionary submersible design invented by Auguste Piccard was the

A

Bathyscaphe

36
Q

The study of the earth is called

A

Geology

37
Q

Movements of ocean water caused by the moon are called

A

Tides

38
Q

The process in which wind lifts particles for short distances then drops them abruptly is

A

Saltation

39
Q

The region where cold deep water meets sun warmed surface water is the

A

Thermocline

40
Q

A _________ is a device with an open tube that is dropped to the sea floor allowing its weight to puncture the sediment.

A

Gravity Corer

41
Q

The earth’s rotation causes surface currents to move in circular paths called

A

Gyres

42
Q

The most abundant element in the earth’s crust is

A

Oxygen

43
Q

Huge chunks of floating glacial ice

A

Iceburgs

44
Q

A mineral test that leaves a line of powder on a plate is a(n) _______ test?

A

Streak

45
Q

The process that breaks rocks down into soil is

A

Weathering

46
Q

The study of fossils is

A

Paleontology

47
Q

The deepest known point in the sea is the

A

Challenger Deep or Marianas Trench

48
Q

When water from heavy waves rapidly flows away from the shore through a gap in a sandbar, the water forms a(n)

A

Rip current or Riptide

49
Q

One idea that attempts to reconcile the Bible and evolution is

A

Theistic Evolution

50
Q

Regions of the earth’s surface where limestone is exposed and abundant are __________ regions.

A

Karst

51
Q

The deepest regions of the sea, with depths greater than 6000 meters are in the _________ zone

A

Hadal

52
Q

A low hill formed when a glacier overruns a moraine is a

A

Drumlin

53
Q

What is the red variety of corundum?

A

Ruby

54
Q

When two rock layers are pushed violently together, causing the layers to buckle, ___________ mountains form.

A

Folded

55
Q

What type of mountain is formed when molten rock collects beneath an overlying rock layer, forcing the layer upward into a blister like structure?

A

Domed

56
Q

What device uses sound waves to detect underwater objects?

A

Sonar

57
Q

What is the winding, looping curve in a river on flat ground?

A

Meander

58
Q

What is the warm surface current that flows in the Atlantic Ocean north of the equator?

A

Gulf Stream

59
Q

A theory that has never been proven false is a

A

Law

60
Q

What are large teardrop shaped pieces of ejecta formed when lava solidifies?

A

Volcanic Bomb

61
Q

The amount of dissolved salt in seawater is

A

Salinity

62
Q

Halfway between the spring tides are weaker-than-normal tides called

A

Neap

63
Q

Emerald and aquamarine are two forms of what mineral?

A

Beryl

64
Q

What type of fold occurs when rocks buckle upward?

A

Anticline

65
Q

What hypothetical time scale charts both the earth’s history and the sequence of the rock layers in the earth’s crust?

A

Geologic Column

66
Q

What theory states that the earth’s crust and upper mantle consist of huge plates slowly drifting as a result of convection currents in the mantle?

A

Plate Tectonics

67
Q

What scale do chemists use to express acidity and basicity of substances?

A

pH

68
Q

The daily or twice-daily period when the ocean levels are at their highest point is called _____________ tide.

A

High

69
Q

What metal is more valuable than gold or silver?

A

Platinum

70
Q

What the false belief that all geological processes have always proceeded at the same rate?

A

Uniformitarianism

71
Q

What is the study of the earth’s oceans called?

A

Oceanography

72
Q

Who popularized evolution with his book On the Origin of the Species?

A

Charles Darwin

73
Q

What percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water?

A

Seventy

74
Q

What is the highest point of a wave?

A

Crest

75
Q

What is the term for the upward-flowing current?

A

Upwelling

76
Q

What is the point on the earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus?

A

Epicenter

77
Q

What does scuba stand for?

A

Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus

78
Q

What device serves as a framework for many water collection bottles, allowing oceanographers to collect water from different depths?

A

Rosette

79
Q

What is the substance that makes up the physical world?

A

Matter

80
Q

What is the scientific term for water pressure?

A

Hydrostatic pressure

Earth and Space Science (7 decks)

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