Test 6 Flashcards
Define cancer
-A disorder in which some of the body cells lose the ability to control growth
Define Cyclin
-Protein cells contain that regulates the cell cycle
-meaning that it regulates timing in external and internal regulators.
What are internal regulators? and provide an example
-responds to things INSIDE the cell
-allows the cell cycle to work if ALL processes have happened
-proofreader
EX: cancer
What are external regulators? and provide examples
-Responds to things OUTSIDE the cell
-directs cells to speed up/slow down
EX: Growth factors are the most important external regulators
-these stimulate growth a division of cells like during wound healing
What are the two types of tumors?
-Benign: tumor cells remain in the OG site and can be removed surgically.NON-CANCEROUS
-Malignant: Tumor cells that break away from the OG site and spread through bloodstream/lymph nods and start new tumors. can be removed surgically, by radiation, or by chemo.
What are the causes of cancer?
-MAINLY: a disease of mitosis
-defects in the gene called p53 (causes them to lose info for cell growth)
-60% is caused by a mutation in p53 in cancers
What are the 3 types of treatment for cancer?
-Surgery
-Chemotherapy
-Radiation
What are the common drugs in chemotherapy used for cancer treatment?
-Cytoaxon (halts s-phase)
-Taxol (stops spindle fibers)
What is angiogenesis?
-the result of tumors attracting blood vessel growth
-this moves all blood flow to only cancerous cells
Define Apoptis:
-programmed cell death
-dies when it’s supposed to
Define tumor:
-a mass of rapidly dividing cells that damage surrounding tissue
What is the growth factor?
-one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells
What is metastasis?
-this occurs in the malignant type of tumor
-it’s the process when a cell breaks away from its tumor site through its bloodstream/lymph nods
cell division occurs in what two main stages?
cytokinesis and mitosis
describe the sequence DNA is formed to a chromosome
DNA, Histones, Nucleosomes, chromatin, chromosome
