Test 5 Flashcards
What are 4 examples of chromosomal mutations?
-Deletion
-Duplication
-Inversion
-Translocation
List the types of substitutions.
-missense
-silent
-nonsense
What does the word “mutation” mean
-to change
Mutations that produce changes in a single gene are called
point mutations
What are the 3 stop codons?
-UAA, UAG, and UGA
A series of 3 mRNA nitrogen bases that contain the information needed to make proteins are called what?
-Anticodons
What enzyme is responsible for transcription?
-RNA Polymerase
How does mRNA move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell?
-through its nuclear pores
Name the complementary strands of a DNA molecule.
-Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, and Guanine
(-Uracil replaces thymine in RNA)
What does DNA polymerase do?
-It joins individual nucleotides to produce a “new” DNA molecule and make a perfect copy
What holds DNA molecules together?
-hydrogen bonds
What is the backbone of DNA made up of?
-Phosphate groups
What are purines? How many rings do they have?
-Adenine and Guanine, they have 2 rings
What are pyrimidines? How many rings do they have?
-Thymine and Cytosine, they have 1 ring
What enzyme “unzips” the 2 strands of DNA in DNA replication?
-Helicase and Polymerase
