Test 6 Flashcards
All muscles transduce chemical energy released by hydrolysis of ——– into mechanical work.
ATP
Name the voluntary muscle of the body.
skeletal musle
name the 2 involuntary muscles of the body
cardiac muscle, smooth muscle
name the striated muscles of the body
skeletal and cardiac
name the non striated muscle of the body
smooth muscle
The human body contains ———– fundamentally different types of muscle adapted to specialized functions
3
epimysium
Skeletal muscle is made up fascicles, each fascicle is surrounded by a connective tissue, called —————
perimysium
In the fascicles, the third connective tissue layer is ————– separates and electrically isolates each muscle cells from each other.
endomysium
muscle is made up of ——— which in turn is made up of muscle fibers which in turn in made up of ———— which in turn is made up of myofilaments which in turn are made up of ———- & ————
fascicles, muscle fibers, actin and myosin
Skeletal muscle cells contract as a result of impulses from motor neurons. The place where a motor neuron stimulates a muscle cell is called a —————————–
neuromuscular junction
————- is a single nerve cell extends from the brain or spinal cord to MUSCLE or gland
motor neuron
Neuromuscular junctions are specialized
————- between motor neurons and skeletal muscle.
synapses
“THE ———————- THEORY” EXPLAINS HOW A MUSCLE CELL CONTRACTS.
DURING CONTRACTION, THE SARCOMERE SHORTENS AND THIN AND THICK FILAMENT OVERLAP TO A GREATER DEGREE
sliding filament theory
what are thick filaments?
myosin
what are thin filaments?
actin
name the proteins other than those directly involved in the process of active contraction?
titin
a actinin
dystrophin
nebulin
heads of the myosin molecule are also known as —————
cross bridges
name the 3 molecules that the actin is made up of?
Thin filaments are made of these three protein molecules:
1. actin
2. tropomyosin
3. troponin complex
————— covers the binding site of the actin subunits and prevents myosin cross bridge binding
tropomyosin
name the 3 components of troponin molecule?
troponin I
troponin C
troponin T
what is a motor unit?
The motor unit consists of a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers that activated by motor neuron.
When strong contraction is needed, the nervous system may cause more than one motor unit to be stimulated.
The stimulation of additional motor units for increasing STRENGTH of contraction is called —————————-
recruitment
The number of cells per motor unit is called ———————
motor unit size
finer movements are created by ——— motor units
small
gross movements are created by ———– motor units
large
duchene muscular dystrophy results from abnormality of which gene?
dystrophin gene
when the body becomes stiff and hard, this condition is called?
rigor mortis
there is abnormal neuromuscular transmission in which disease?
myasthenia gravis
how long does the rigor state persists?
1-2 days
