Test 1 Flashcards
the process of transcription is performed by which enzyme?
RNA Polymerase
what is the first step in gene expression?
transcription
RNA copy of the gene is also called?
transcript
the RNA copy of a gene is made in which direction?
5 to 3
new nucleotides are added to which end of the growing transcript?
3 end
write the 3 steps of transcription?
initiation, elongation, termination
what is a promoter sequence on the DNA strand?
its the recognition sequence on the DNA strand
the strand on the DNA other than the template strand is called?
coding strand
hairpin sequence is an example of ———- sequence.
termination
eukaryotic RNA transcript involves addition of 5 cap and 3 poly A tail as well as ———–
splicing
in splicing, the ———– are cut off and ——- are united
introns, exons
building of a protein molecule from an RNA transcript is called ————–
translation
a codon consists of how many nucleotides?
3
how many codons are there?
61
name the start codon?
AUG
AUG encodes which amino acid?
methionine
name the 3 stop codons?
UAA, UGA, UAG
If mRNA has codons, tRNA has ————-
anticodons
the process of translation takes place on which organelles of the cell?
ribosomes
whenever UAA, UGA or UAG is present in the mRNA transcript, it ———– the process of translation.
ends/terminates
a bone is made up of ——– & ———–
bone cells and bone matrix
what are osteoblasts?
bone forming cells
what are osteoclasts?
bone resorbing cells
what are osteocytes?
mature bone cells
enlist 2 functions of bones?
support and movement
what is compact bone?
outer shell of bone
what is spongy bone?
inner bone
bone marrow is present in compact or spongy bone?
spongy bone
nutrition of bone is through?
nutrient artery
———- is the sheath around the compact bone.
periosteum
———- lines the inside of the spongy bone
endosteum
name the 3 parts of bone?
epiphysis diaphysis and metaphysis
what are the 2 ways by which bones develop?
intramembranous and endochondral
bones of vertebral column and rib cage come under axial or appendicular skeleton?
axial
bones of limbs and girdles come under axial or appendicular skeleton?
appendicular
