Test 5 - Vocab Flashcards
amenorrhea
absence or suppression of menstruation
chadwicks sign
a bluish discoloration of the cervix that normally occurs with pregnancy at 6-8weeks duration
clitoris
small bud of erectile tissue (homolog to penis) and a primary center of sexual exciteent
climacteric
- period that marks the cessation of a womans reporductive period
- corresponding period of lessening of sexual activity in the male
cystitis
inflammation of the urinary baldder usually occuring secondary to ascending infections and involve associated organs
cystocele
a bladder hernia, injury to the vesicovaginal fascia during delivery may allow the bladder to pouch into the vagina causing a cystocele
dilation
involves the openig of the cervical canal to allow for the passage of the fetus. process is measured in centimeters and pregresses from a closed os (internal) to 10 cm (full dialation)
dysmenorrhea
pain or difficult menstruation, either priamry or secondary
dyspareunia
painful sexual intercourse
dysuria
painful of difficult urination, symptomatic of numerous conditions
effacement
refers to the thinning of the cervix that results when myometrial activity pulls the cervix upward, allows the cervix to become part of the lower uterine segment during prelabor and early labor
hematuria
blood in urine
hydrocele
accumulation of serous fluid in a saclike cavity, esp in the tunica vaginalis testis; serous tumors of the testes or associated parts
menarche
the first menstruation and initiation of cyclic mentrual function
menorrhagia
excessive bleeding during a menstrual period that is longer in duration than usual
menometrorrhagia
irregular or excessive bleeding durig menstruation and between menstrual periods
metrorrhagia
menstrual bleeding at irregular intveals, sometimes prolonged, but of expected amount
oligomenorrhea
infrequent menstruaion
oliguria
diminished amount of urine formation or scanty urine production (frequently defined as less than 500 mL in 24 hours); results in inefficient excretion of the products of metabolism
Polyuria:
excessive excretion and discharge of urine. The urine does not, as a rule, contain abnormal
constituents. Several hundred ounces a day may be voided. It is pale in color.
Pyuria:
pus in the urine: evidence of renal disease
Rectocele:
protrusion or herniation of posterior vaginal wall with the anterior wall of the rectum through the vagina.
Station:
the relationship of the presenting part to the ischial spines of the mother’s pelvis. The
measurement is determined by centimeters above and below the ischial spines and is recorded by plus and minus signs
Urinary incontinence:
-the inability to retain urine.
-Stress: leakage of urine due to increased intraabdominal pressure that can occur from coughing, laughing, exercise, or lifting heavy things.
-Urge: the inability to hold urine once the urge to void occurs. Causes of this abnormality can be local genitourinary conditions, such as infection or tumor; or central nervous system disorders, such as stroke.
-Overflow: a mechanical dysfunction resulting from an over distended bladder. This type has
many causes: anatomic obstruction by prostatic hypertrophy and strictures; neurologic
abnormalities that impair detrusor contractility, such as multiple sclerosis; spinal lesions.
Epididymitis:
inflammation of the epididymis.
Testicular torsion:
twisting of the testis on the spermatic cord.
Urethritis: .
inflammation of the urethra
Varicocele (“bag of worms”):
abnormal tortuosity and dilation of veins of the pampiniform plexus within the spermatic cord. Associated with reduced fertility, probably from increased venous pressure and elevated testicular temperature.
Acrocyanosis:
a bluish discoloration of the hands and feet may be present at birth and may persist for several days or longer if the newborn is kept in cool ambient temperatures.
Annular:
shaped like a ring; used to describe a lesion that forms a ring around a clear center of normal skin.
Atrophy:
thinning of skin surface and loss of skin markings; skin translucent and paper-like
Bulla:
vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter
Cellulitis:
a diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.
Chloasma:
a facial discoloration common during pregnancy; also called the mask of pregnancy.
Confluent:
referring to lesions that run together.
Crust:
dried serum, blood, or purulent exudates; slightly elevated; size varies; brown, red, black, tan, or straw-colored.
Cutis marmorata:
a marbled or mottled appearance to the skin of a newborn when exposed to decreased temperatures; occurs because the newborn’s immature vascular systems are unable to adapt to temperature changes.
Cyst:
elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semi-solid material.
Dermatomal:
referring to a lesion that follows a nerve or segment of the body.
Ecchymosis:
a contusion or a bruise.
Erosion:
loss of part of the epidermis; depressed, moist, glistening; follows rupture of a vesicle or bulla.
Excoriation:
loss of the epidermis; linear hollowed-out, crusted area.
Fissure:
linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis; may be moist or dry.
Folliculitis:
inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surrounding dermis.
Furuncle:
a deep-seated infection of the pilosebaceous unit.
Harlequin color change:
a skin coloration that occurs in some newborns in response to changes in position.
Keloid:
irregular-shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar; grows beyond the boundaries of the wound; caused by excessive collagen formation during healing.
Lanugo:
fine, silky hair of newborns skin
Lichenification:
rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation; often involves flexor surface of extremity.
Macule:
a flat, circumscribed area that is a change in the color of the skin; less than 1cm in diameter.
Mongolian spots:
areas of deep bluish-gray pigmentation most commonly on the sacral aspect of a newborn.
Nodule:
elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deeper in dermis than a papule; 1 to 2 cm in diameter.
Papule:
an elevated, firm, circumscribed area; less than 1 cm in diameter.
Patch:
a flat, nonpalpable, irregular shaped macule greater than 1 cm in diameter.
Petechiae:
tiny, flat purple or red spots on the skin surface, resulting from minute hemorrhages within the dermal layer.
Plaque:
elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter.
Pustule:
elevated, superficial lesion; similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid.
Scale:
heaped-up, keratinized cells; flaky skin; irregular; thick or thin; dry or oily; variation in size.
Scar:
thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to the dermis.
Telangiectasia:
fine, irregular, red lines produced by capillary dilation.
Tumor:
elevated and solid lesion; may or may not be clearly demarcated; deeper in dermis; greater than 2cm in diameter.
Vesicle:
elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis; filled with serous fluid; less than 1 cm in diameter.
Wheal:
elevated, irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transient, variable diameter.
Ulcer:
loss of epidermis and dermis; concave, varies in size.
Abduction:
movement of the limbs toward the lateral plane or away from the axial line of a limb.
Adduction:
movement of the limbs toward the medial plane of the body or toward the axial line of the limb.
Eversion:
outward turning, movement of the sole of the foot outward at the ankle.
Inversion:
inward turning, movement of the sole of the foot inward at the ankle.
Impotence:
inability of the male to achieve and/or maintain penile erection.
