Test 2 (from lectures) Flashcards
cultural awareness
being sensitive to issues related to culture, race, gender, sexual orientation, social class, and socioeconomic factors -
cultural competency
set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency or among professionals that enables effective work in cross cultural situations. IDENTIFICATION OF SELF IS VITAL. ENSURING NEEDS OF DIVERSE PATIENTS - MAY NEED TO DEVELOP ADDITIONAL SKILLS. Need to know your community! Everyone has unique view! Culture affects who we are.
Levels of Intercultural Awareness Stretch
ON-GOING PROCESS - 1) Non-Aware of Difference 2) Awareness of Difference 3) acknowledge Differences/ Self-validate 4) understand cultural differences 5) cultural adaptation 6) intercultural skillfulness (becoming competent)
Health literacy
the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions
What is true in regards to health literacy
Misuderstanding stuff - medication instructions, time differences, reading level - Drives health costs up! Informed patients have better outcomes. Not necessarily literacy… people just may not understand.
Teach back method
Have the client repeat back what you just told them.
Strongest predictor of health status?
Literacy
Attributes of a Symptom (7)
1) Location 2) quality 3) quantity/severity 4) timing 5) setting in which occurs 6) remitting or exacerbating factors 7) associated manifestations
concussion
disturbance in brain function caused by direct or indirect force to the head.
classic migrane
unilateral in 70% of cases; pulsating or throbbing; hours to days; female; nausea/vomiting; missing meals, menses, BCP, stress, certain food
cluster headache
adulthood; unilateral; .5-2 hours; intsense burning, searing, knife-like; several nights for several days and gone; males; increased nasal discharge/tearing
tension headache
adulthood; unilateral or bilateral; hours to days; anytime onset; band-like, constricting no prodrome (visual, auditory or nasal effect prior to onset); stress, anger, teeth, grinding
medication rebound
diffuse;; hours; hours or days of last dose; dull/throbbing; daily analgesics; abrupt analgesics; abrupt analgesic stop
hyperthyroidism
nervousness; weightloss; excessive sweating heat intolerance; warm, smooth, moist skin; graves disease; tachycardia
hypothyroidism
fatigue, lethargy; modest weight-gain; dry coarse skin, cold intolerance; swelling of face and hands, legs; bradycardia; impaired memory
Sutures
separate infant/child skull bones
fontanelles
where sutures intersect (anterior - closes 9-24 months and posterior - closes 2 months)
fontanelles can indicate swelling or dehydration - it will feel full or sunken
microcephaly
small head
hydrocephalus
increased intracranial pressure from deficient spinal fluid circulation - causes enlargement of the calvarium before sutures are closed
molding
re-positioning of cranial bones to allow passage of the baby through the birth canal
caput succedaneum
subcutaneous edema over the presenting part of the head at delivery. Usually over occipitoparietal area and CROSSES SUTURE LINES. TRANSLUMUNATES
cephalhematoma
subperiosteal collection of blood. DOES NOT CROSS OVER SUTURE LINES. DOES NOT TRANSLUMINATE
plagiocephaly
abnormal shape of head - infant may lie on one side constantly
craniosynostosis
asymmetry/abnormal shape of head due to cranial suture closure early. Ovalish head from side to side ex) brachycephaly - premature closure of coronal suture
congenital muscular torticolis
injury and possible bleed into ternocleidomastoid muscle at birth. treat with stretching exercises.
1 year old - sinus’
maxillary
6 year old - sinus’
maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid
10 year old - sinus’
maxillary sphenoid, ethmoid, and frontal showing.
peak tonsil size age range
2-6 years
teeth coming in
6-7 months, 4 teeth added every four months; full complement of teeth by 23 months; losing teeth around 5 years old. secondary teeth around 6-7 years.
transillumination
frontal and maxillary
Wisper Test
Behind patient. 1-2 ft away. Finger in ear not testing. Exhale and whisper 3 syllables
Weber Test
Testing for lateralization. Tuning fork on the middle of the patient’s vertex. Differentiates between neurosensory and conductive hearing loss. If lateralizes to BAD ear = CONDUCTIVE; if lateralizes to GOOD ear = NEUROSENSORY
Rinne Test
Helps determine whether each ear detects sound better through air or bone. Mastoid bone and then to 1-2inches of ear.
Conductive loss
external or middle ear disorder; causes foreign body, otitis media, perforated eardrum, otosclerosis; sound lateralizes to impaired ear; bone conduction longer than or equal to air conduction
Sensorineural loss
inner ear disorder involves the cochlear nerve; causes: loud noise exposure, inner ear infections, trauma, acoustic neuroma, aging, familial disorders; sound lateralizes to good ear; air conduction longer than bone conduction
Stenson’s duct
parotid duct
number of teeth
upper right around & and around
wharton’s duct
floor of the mouth near frenulum
tongue deviation:
deviates to the side of lesion (CN12)
feeling carotids…
don’t try to feel both at the same time!
trachea pulled toward affected lung in volume loss:
fibrosis or atelectasis (collapsed lung)
trachea pulled away from the affected side
thyroid enlargement or pleural effusion (fluid or air between lungs and cavity)
trachea pushed forward
in mediastinitis (inflamation/infection of thoracic area)
trachea pulled back
in anterior mediastinal tumors
